This is the current affairs of 11 & 12 September 2025. Here are questions and answers of daily current affairs for better preparation of competitive exams for government jobs.
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1. To whom did the President give the charge of Governor of Maharashtra after CP Radhakrishnan was elected Vice President?
a. Acharya Devvrat
b. Shivpratap Shukla
c. Thawarchand Gehlot
d. Ajay Kumar Bhalla
Answer: a. Acharya Devvrat (Governor of Gujarat)
– C.P. Radhakrishnan was elected Vice President on 9th September 2025.
– During this time, he was also the Governor of Maharashtra.
– After this, he resigned from the post of Governor on 11th September 2025.
– Then, President Droupadi Murmu assigned additional charge of Maharashtra to Gujarat Governor Acharya Devvrat.
– C.P. Radhakrishnan took oath as Vice President on 12th September 2025.
Maharashtra
– Capital: Mumbai, Nagpur (Winter Capital)
– Chief Minister: Devendra Fadnavis
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2. According to the Clean Air Survey 2025, which city has the first rank among cities with a population of more than 10 lakh?
a. Indore
b. Agra
c. Srinagar
d. Jabalpur
Answer: a. Indore (MP)
– The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (EF&CC) awarded cities that performed the best in the Clean Air Survey 2025 conducted under the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) across 130 cities.
– These awards were received by the mayors, district collectors, and municipal commissioners of the respective cities.
Category-i (Ranking of cities with population more than 10 lakh)
1. Indore (MP) [scored 200 marks out of 200]
2. Jabalpur (MP) [scored 199 marks out of 200]
3. Agra (UP) and Surat (Gujarat) [scored 196 marks out of 200]
What was the prize price?
1. Indore (Madhya Pradesh) – A cash prize of ₹1.5 crore was awarded. Indore planted over 1.6 million saplings last year, earning a place in the Guinness World Records. The city has 120 electric buses and 150 CNG buses available for public transport.
2. Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) – A cash prize of ₹1 crore was awarded.
Jabalpur has established an 11-megawatt waste-to-energy plant and developed green spaces.
3. Agra (Uttar Pradesh) and Surat (Gujarat) – Each city was awarded a cash prize of ₹25 lakh.
Agra has rehabilitated old garbage dump sites and carried out Miyawaki plantation. Surat has implemented an electric vehicle policy to promote EVs and provide tax benefits, and has maintained 38% green cover.
Under Which Government Programme Was the Survey Conducted?
– This survey was conducted under the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (EF&CC).
– It is a government initiative to address the problem of air pollution and to take effective action against it.
– The National Clean Air Programme was launched on August 15, 2020, inspired by a message from Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi.
– September 7 is observed as the International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies. This report was released on that occasion.
– Theme for 2025: “Race for Clean Air. Every Breath Counts.”
Improvement in Air Quality in Recent Years
– Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav stated that under the NCAP, air quality has improved in 103 out of 130 cities in terms of PM10 levels.
– He congratulated 64 cities that achieved a 20% reduction in PM10 levels by 2024–25 compared to 2017–18.
– He also praised 25 cities that successfully met the target of a 40% reduction in PM10 levels by 2024–25.
Allocation to 130 Cities
– Under the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), the government has allocated a total of ₹20,130 crore to 130 cities to reduce air pollution.
– Since 2019–20, a grant of ₹13,237 crore has already been disbursed to these cities to help them take necessary steps to improve air quality.
– The funds have been allocated based on the performance of the cities.
Three Categories of the Clean Air Survey
i) Cities with a population of more than 10 lakh (1 million)
ii) Cities with a population of 3 to 10 lakh (300,000 to 1 million)
iii) Cities with a population of less than 3 lakh (300,000)
Criteria for the Clean Air Survey
– Control of biomass burning
– Burning of municipal solid waste
– Road dust
– Dust from construction and demolition waste
– Vehicular emissions
– Industrial emissions
– Public awareness, etc.
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3. According to the Clean Air Survey 2025, which city has the first place in the ranking of cities with a population of 3 lakh to 10 lakh?
a. Muzaffarpur
b. Moradabad
c. Guntur
d. Amravati
Answer: d. Amravati
Category-ii (Ranking of cities with population between 3 lakh and 10 lakh)
1. Amravati (Maharashtra) [Scored 200 out of 200 marks]
2. Jhansi and Moradabad (UP) [Scored 198.5 out of 200 marks]
3. Alwar (Rajasthan) [Scored 197.6 out of 200 marks]
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4. According to the Clean Air Survey 2025, which city has the first place in the ranking of cities with a population of less than 3 lakh?
a. Angul
b. Dewas
c. Parwanoo
d. Kala Amb
Answer: b. Dewas (MP)
Category-iii (Ranking of cities with population less than 3 lakh)
1. Dewas (MP) [Scored 193 marks out of 200]
2. Parwanoo (HP) [Scored 191.5 marks out of 200]
3. Angul (Odisha) [Scored 191 marks out of 200]
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5. Which cities were awarded under the Wetland City Recognition Ceremony 2025 along with the Clean Air Survey 2025 Awards?
a. Srinagar and Surat
b. Agra and Jabalpur
c. Indore and Udaipur
d. Mumbai and Patna
Answer: c. Indore and Udaipur
Indore (Madhya Pradesh)
Udaipur (Rajasthan)
– The Ramsar Convention has launched a program under which special recognition is given to cities that perform exceptionally in protecting and conserving their urban wetlands.
– Indore and Udaipur were congratulated on being selected as Wetland Cities, and certificates were presented to their Mayors and District Collectors on behalf of the Ramsar Convention.
91 Wetlands in India
– India is a signatory to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands and currently has 91 Ramsar Sites covering an area of 1.36 million hectares.
– This is the highest number in Asia and the third highest in the world.
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# NIRF Ranking 2025 #
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6. Which institute has topped the overall category in NIRF (National Institutional Ranking Framework) 2025 ranking?
a. IIT Delhi
b. IIT Guwahati
c. IISc, Bangalore
d. IIT Madras
Answer: d. IIT Madras (Chennai)
– The Ministry of Education released the NIRF 2025 ranking list on 4th September 2025.
Top-5 Ranking
1. IIT Madras
2. IISc, Bangalore
3. IIT Bombay
4. IIT Delhi
5. IIT Kanpur
NIRF (National Institutional Ranking Framework)
– The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) releases a ranking list every year in India.
– NIRF ranks the country’s top universities, colleges, and other educational institutions based on their performance.
This year’s ranking has been released in 17 categories-
1. Overall
2. University
3. College
4. Research Institute
5. Engineering
6. Management
7. Pharmacy
8. Medical
9. Dental
10. Law
11. Architecture
12. Agriculture & allied sectors
13. Innovation
14. Open University
15. Skill University
16. State Public University
17. Sustainable Development Goals
Ranking based on five parameters
1. Teaching, Learning & Resources (TLR)
2. Research and Professional Practice (RP)
3. Graduation Outcome (GO)
4. Outreach and Inclusivity (OI)
5. Perception
When Did NIRF Ranking Start?
– The Central Government announced this ranking on September 29, 2015.
– The first ranking was declared in 2016.
– Participation of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) has increased from 3,565 in 2016 to 14,163 in 2025.
– This time, 14,163 applications were received across different categories from 7,692 institutions.
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7. Which institute has been ranked first in the university category in the NIRF 2025 ranking?
a. JNU
b. IISc, Bangalore
c. BHU, Varanasi
d. Calcutta University
Answer: b. IISc, Bangalore
Top-5 Universities
1. IISc, Bangalore
2. JNU, New Delhi
3. Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
4. Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi
5. University of Delhi, Delhi
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8. Which institute has topped in the college category in NIRF 2025 ranking?
a. Kirori Mal College, Delhi
b. Hindu College, Delhi
c. St. Xavier’s College, Kolkata
d. Miranda House College, Delhi
Answer: b. Hindu College, Delhi
Top-5 Colleges
1. Hindu College, Delhi
2. Miranda House, Delhi
3. Hans Raj College, Delhi
4. Kirori Mal College, Delhi
5. St. Stephen’s College, Delhi
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9. Which institute has topped the Management Institute category in NIRF 2025 ranking?
a. IIM Bangalore
b. IIM Ahmedabad
c. IIM Calcutta
d. IIM Lucknow
Answer: b. IIM Ahmedabad
Top-5 Management Colleges
1. IIM Ahmedabad
2. IIM Bangalore
3. IIM Kozhikode
4. IIT Delhi
5. IIM Lucknow
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10. Which institute has topped the engineering category in NIRF 2025 ranking?
a. IIT Delhi
b. IIT Guwahati
c. IIT Madras
d. IIT Kanpur
Answer: c. IIT Madras
Top-5 Engineering Colleges
1. IIT Madras
2. IIT Delhi
3. IIT Bombay
4. IIT Kanpur
5. IIT Kharagpur
These 5 colleges had the same ranking in 2024 in this category
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11. Which institute has topped the Medical category in NIRF 2025 ranking?
a. SGPGI, Lucknow
b. PGIMER, Chandigarh
c. AIIMS, Delhi
d. Christian Medical College, Vellore
Answer: c. AIIMS, Delhi
Top-5 Medical Colleges
1. AIIMS, Delhi
2. PGIMER, Chandigarh
3. Christian Medical College, Vellore
4. JIPGMER, Puducherry
5. SGPIMS, Lucknow
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12. Which institute has topped the Law category in NIRF 2025 ranking?
a. National Law University, New Delhi
b. National Law School of India University, Bangalore
c. Nalsar University of Law, Hyderabad
d. Symbiosis Law School, Pune
Answer: b. National Law School of India University, Bangalore
Top-5 Law Colleges
1. National Law School of India University, Bangalore
2. National Law University, New Delhi
3. NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad
4. The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences, Kolkata
5. Gujarat National Law University, Gandhinagar
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13. Which institute ranks first in the Research Institution category in NIRF 2025 ranking?
a. IIT Delhi
b. IIT Guwahati
c. IISc, Bangalore
d. IIT Madras
Answer: c. IISc, Bangalore
Top-5 rankings
1. IISc, Bangalore
2. IIT Madras
3. IIT Delhi
4. IIT Bombay
5. IIT Kharagpur
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14. NIRF Ranking 2025 in other categories
Pharmacy
1. Jamia Hamdard, Delhi
2. Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani
3. Punjab University, Chandigarh
4. JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty
5. National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad
Dental
1. Government Dental College, Mumbai
2. Government Dental College, Nagpur
3. A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangaluru
4. KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum
5. Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Delhi
Architecture and Planning
1. IIT Roorkee
2. NIT Calicut
3. IIT Kharagpur
4. Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Howrah
5. Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi
Agriculture and Allied Sectors
1. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
2. ICAR – National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal
3. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
4. BHU, Varanasi
5. Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar Bareilly
Innovation Institute
1. IIT Madras
2. IIT Bombay
3. IISc. Bangalore
4. IIT Kharagpur
5. IIT Kanpur
Open Universities
1. Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), New Delhi
2. Karnataka State Open University, Mysore
3. Uttar Pradesh Rajarshi Tandon Open University, Prayagraj (Allahabad)
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Skill Universities
1. Symbiosis Skills and Professional University (formerly Symbiosis Skill and Open University), Maharashtra
2. Symbiosis University of Applied Sciences, Madhya Pradesh
3. Shri Vishwakarma Skill University, Haryana
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State Public Universities
1. Jadavpur University, Kolkata
2. Anna University, Chennai
3. Punjab University, Chandigarh
4. Andhra University, Visakhapatnam
5. University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram
SDG Institute
1. IIT Madras, Chennai
2. IARI, New Delhi
3. Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi
4. S.R.M. Science and Technology, Chennai
5. Manipal Academy of Higher Education-Manipal, Manipal
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15. In which European country a campaign called ‘Block Everything’ was launched and nationwide anti-government protests took place?
a. Austria
b. Japan
c. Germany
d. France
Answer: d. France
– Protests Against the Government Begin in France: The ‘Block Everything’ Movement
What is this movement?
– Name: “Block Everything” (In French: Bloquons Tout), meaning “Stop Everything.”
– How it started: People decided on social media platforms like Facebook, Telegram, etc., to block roads, railways, buses, offices, and everywhere else across the country on September 10, 2025.
– Why it’s unique: There is no major leader or organization behind it; people are joining spontaneously.
Why are people angry?
– The government presented the 2026 budget which included these decisions:
– Stopping pension (retirement money).
– Cuts in health services.
– Removing two national holidays.
– A reduction of approximately 44 billion euros in spending.
– People felt that their lives would become difficult because of this.
How did the movement happen?
Method of protest:
– Roads and railway tracks were blocked.
– Traffic was stopped.
– In some places, buses and vehicles were set on fire.
– Areas affected: Major cities like Paris, Marseille, Lyon, Nantes were badly impacted.
Police Action:
– Around 80,000 police personnel deployed across the country.
– 6,000 police officers deployed in Paris alone.
– Approximately 250–300 people arrested.
Political Crisis:
– Prime Minister François Bayrou faced defeat during a no-confidence motion in Parliament on September 8, 2025.
– President Macron appointed a new Prime Minister (Sébastien Lecornu).
Economic-Social Discontent:
– Increase in poverty and inequality, policies benefiting corporations and the wealthy, impact on war expenditures (such as aid to Ukraine).
– Protesters are chanting slogans like “For wages, not for war.”
– This reflects France’s political instability, which is linked to the European Union (EU) economic crisis.
– France is a key member of the EU; budget cuts and debt crisis (deficit ~6% of GDP) are tied to the EU’s fiscal rules (such as the Maastricht Criteria).
– This could impact India-EU relations (trade, defense cooperation). Discontent with Macron’s policies (such as France’s role in the Ukraine war) may create strategic opportunities/challenges for India.
How do recent protests in France reflect the European economic crisis?
– Recent protests like “Block Everything” in France are not just domestic discontent but also echo the broader European economic crisis.
– Europe is currently struggling with inflation, budget deficits, pension burdens, and an energy crisis.
– This shows that when governments implement harsh economic reforms, public dissatisfaction starts shaking democratic institutions.
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16. For attempting a coup, which country’s former President Jair Bolsonaro was sentenced to 27 years in prison by the country’s Supreme Court?
a. France
b. Sri Lanka
c. Brazil
d. Italy
Answer: c. Brazil
– Brazil’s Supreme Court on September 11, 2025, convicted former President Jair Bolsonaro for attempting a coup after the 2022 elections.
– Sentence: 27 years and 3 months in prison.
– Four out of five judges in the panel found him guilty by majority.
Nature of the charges:
– Bolsonaro faced five charges, including conspiracy to overthrow the current President Lula da Silva by forming a “criminal organization.”
– Attempting to seize power after losing the October 2022 elections.
Background of the case:
– Bolsonaro, a right-wing former army captain, lost to Lula in 2022.
– After the defeat, his supporters attacked the parliament and government buildings, inspired by the US Capitol riots.
– Bolsonaro conspired with military and other elements.
International Reactions:
– U.S. President Donald Trump called the verdict a “witch hunt” (targeting, persecuting, or wrongfully convicting a person or group without solid evidence, usually for political, social, or ideological reasons).
– Trump announced a 50% tariff on imports from Brazil.
– Bolsonaro described himself as a victim of political persecution.
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