This is the current affairs of 30 July 2025. Here are questions and answers of daily current affairs for better preparation of competitive exams for government jobs.
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1. An 8.7 magnitude earthquake struck near the Kamchatka Peninsula of which country in July 2025, causing a tsunami in the Pacific Ocean?
a. Japan
b. India
c. Russia
d. China
Answer: c. Russia
– A powerful earthquake of magnitude 8.8 struck near Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula on Wednesday morning. This region is surrounded on three sides by the Pacific Ocean and is located in Russia’s northern area.
– As a result, a tsunami up to 4 meters high hit Kamchatka.
– Tsunami waves also reached the disputed Kuril Islands of Russia and the coastal regions of Japan’s large northern island, Hokkaido.
– According to the US Geological Survey (USGS), the earthquake’s epicenter was at a depth of 19.3 kilometers below the ground. As per the agency, the earthquake occurred at 4:54 AM IST (Indian Standard Time).
– According to the USGS, this will be counted among the six most powerful earthquakes ever recorded.
Tsunami Threat:
– Japan has evacuated its Fukushima nuclear reactor.
– Around 2 million people in Japan have been asked to move to safe locations.
– In the U.S. state of Hawaii, a state of emergency has been declared due to the tsunami threat. A cruise ship on Hawaii’s Big Island called its passengers back onboard.
– Vladimir Solodov, Governor of Russia’s Kamchatka, posted a video saying that today’s earthquake was the most powerful in decades.
– Tsunami warnings have also been issued in Peru, Ecuador, and China. In some areas, people are being evacuated as a precaution.
What is a Tsunami?
– A tsunami is what a sea storm is called in Japan. In the Japanese language, “tsu” means sea and “nami” means waves.
– Japan is considered the most tsunami-prone region in the world. At least one tsunami occurs in Japan every year.
– The speed of these waves can reach up to 400 kilometers per hour, and their height can be 7 to 10 meters or even more.
– Not every earthquake causes a tsunami. For a tsunami to occur, the earthquake’s epicenter must be under the sea or near the coast.
– Scientists cannot predict tsunamis with full accuracy. Tsunami risk is higher in ocean regions where tectonic plates meet.
– On December 26, 2004, a massive tsunami in the Indian Ocean caused widespread destruction in many countries, including India. Around 230,000 people died across several countries. In India alone, 2,405 people died and 3,874 went missing, causing an estimated economic loss of ₹2,000 crore (about $250 million at the time).
Peninsula
– A peninsula is a landform that is surrounded by water on three sides and connected to the mainland on one side.
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2. RBI bought 4 quintals of gold in June, increasing its total gold reserves to how much this month?
a. 879.5 tons
b. 879.8 tons
c. 879.6 tons
d. 879.3 tons
Answer: b. 879.8 tons
– As of June 27, RBI had a total of 879.8 tonnes of gold.
– The previous week, this figure was 879.6 tonnes.
– This means RBI purchased 4 quintals (400 kg) of gold in one week.
– In recent years, gold has become the fastest-growing component of India’s foreign exchange reserves.
– In the last five years, the price of gold has increased by more than 80%. By July 18, 2025, gold’s share in India’s forex reserves had reached 12.1%, compared to 8.9% on July 19, 2024.
Why is RBI investing so much in gold?
– Over the past few years, RBI’s approach has become clear: gold is a more reliable asset than the dollar or other foreign currencies.
– When RBI plans the foreign exchange reserves, it focuses on three major goals — safety, liquidity, and returns. All three are fulfilled by gold.
– Especially when the US and Europe imposed economic sanctions on Russia, gold proved to be a useful asset.
– When global tensions rise or the dollar fluctuates, gold becomes a reliable and stable option.
– When stock markets fall or currencies weaken, gold prices often rise.
– This is why RBI is consistently buying gold but not selling it.
– In fact, since March 2025, RBI has not sold even a single kilogram of gold, which is a clear indication that it views this investment as a long-term strategy.
Global central banks have bought more than 1,000 tonnes of gold
– According to data from the World Gold Council (WGC), in the past three years, central banks have purchased over 1,000 tonnes of gold each year.
– This is significantly higher than normal buying levels.
– The RBI’s forex reserve report states that there are two main objectives of reserve management in India: first—safety, and second—liquidity.
– However, returns are also taken into account. That is, the Reserve Bank ensures profitability while buying gold.
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3. When is International Tiger Day celebrated?
a. 30 July
b. 29 July
c. 28 July
d. 27 July
Answer: b. 29 July
Theme for 2025
– Securing the future of tigers with a focus on indigenous people and local communities
World Tiger Day
– World Tiger Day began in 2010, when it was recognized at the St. Petersburg Tiger Summit in Russia.
– This event was declared by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).
Tigers in India
– India is home to 75% of the world’s tiger population.
– In 2010, the estimated number of tigers in India was 1,706.
– By 2022, the number increased to 3,682.
Project Tiger: The Biggest Effort
– In 1973, when the Government of India launched Project Tiger, the tiger population had fallen to just 1,827 — a drastic decline from over 40,000 in 1900. This alarming drop led to the project’s creation.
– The main objectives of the project were to protect tigers and their habitats, prevent illegal poaching, and raise public awareness.
– The project started with 9 tiger reserves, and today India has 58 tiger reserves covering more than 75,000 square kilometers.
– In less than 10 years, India has doubled its tiger population.
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4. Which is the world’s third highest tiger density Tiger Reserve after Bandipur and Corbett?
a. Ranipur Tiger Reserve
b. Pilibhit Tiger Reserve
c. Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve
d. Kanha Tiger Reserve
Answer: c. Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve (18 tigers per 100 square kilometers) [Assam]
– After Bandipur Tiger Reserve in Karnataka and Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand, Kaziranga in Assam has recorded the third-highest tiger density.
– This reserve is more famously known for the one-horned rhinoceros.
– This information has been revealed in Kaziranga Park’s new report titled “Status of Tigers in Kaziranga 2024.”
– The report was released on July 29, 2025, on the occasion of International Tiger Day.
– It is now confirmed that the park has 18 tigers per 100 square kilometers.
– Kaziranga is now home to 148 tigers, including 83 females, 55 males, and 10 tigers whose gender is yet to be identified.
– The park’s Field Director Sonali Ghosh said that in a specific part of Kaziranga, the Eastern Assam Wildlife Division, the number of tigers increased from 104 in 2022 to 115 in 2024.
– Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma wrote on the social media platform X that “Assam is not just conserving tigers, it is restoring their kingdom.”
How the Survey Was Conducted
– To count the tigers, camera traps were installed across 1,300 sq km of the reserve between December 2023 and April 2024.
– With the help of these cameras, 148 adult tigers were identified: 83 females, 55 males, and 10 unconfirmed.
– The survey was conducted as per the guidelines of the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).
Reasons Behind the Increase in Tiger Population
– The main reason for the increase in tiger numbers is the expansion of the park’s habitat.
– Under this, 200 sq km of new area has been added to the park, including 12.82 sq km of land freed from encroachment.
– The park also focused on the use of new technologies, such as drones, infrared cameras, and electronic eye surveillance, to enhance monitoring.
– Women forest rangers also played a significant role in this achievement.
– A total of 113 women staff, trained as ‘Van Durga’ (Forest Warriors), have been actively involved in this conservation work.
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5. Remona Perera of Mangalore, Karnataka has created a world record by performing Bharatnatyam for how many hours?
a. 180 hours
b. 170 hours
c. 160 hours
d. 150 hours
Answer: b. 170 hours
– Ramona, a final-year BA student at St. Aloysius College, Mangalore, performed Bharatanatyam continuously for 170 hours.
– Her name has now been entered in the Golden Book of World Records.
– The previous record for Bharatanatyam was 127 hours.
– Ramona has been practicing Bharatanatyam for the past 13 years.
– During the performance, Ramona ate very little and took a 15-minute break every three hours.
– A team of doctors, medical staff, and an ambulance were present on-site for safety.
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6. Who ranks first in the list of people with the highest IQ (Intelligence Quotient) in the world (Giga Society Report 2025)?
a. Younghoon Kim
b. Christopher Hirata
c. Terence Tao
d. Marilyn vos Savant
Answer: a. Younghoon Kim (South Korean psychologist)
– Report Name: Giga Society Report 2025 (This organization publishes IQ reports)
– YoungHoon Kim from South Korea has recorded the highest IQ in the world as of 2024, with a score of 276.
– He works in the fields of psychology, neuroscience, and linguistics, and has made significant discoveries in all of them.
Top 10 people with the highest IQ scores
Rank, Name, IQ Score, Nationality, Field of Expertise
1) Younghoon Kim: 276: South Korea: Psychology, Neuroscience, Linguistics
2) Terence Tao: 230: Australian-American: Mathematics
3) Marilyn vos Savant: 228: American: Writing, Logic and Philosophy
4) Christopher Hirata: 225: Japanese-American: Astrophysics
5) Evangelos Katsiolis: 200: American: Medicine, Genetics
6) Christopher Harding: 198: Greek: Psychiatry, Philosophy
7) Sho Yano: 197: Australian: Philosophy
8) Christopher Langan: 195: American: Cognitive Science, Philosophy
9) Rick Rosner: 192: American: Television, Writing
10) Garry Kasparov: 190: Russian : Chess, Politics
What Does an IQ Score Mean?
– The average IQ score is considered 100. Most people score between 85 and 115.
– A score above 130 is considered exceptionally high.
– A score below 70 may indicate learning difficulties.
– The Giga Society is one of the most exclusive high-IQ groups in the world.
– To qualify for membership, a person must have an IQ of 190 or above — a level achieved by only a handful of people globally.
How Did IQ Begin?
– The concept of IQ testing originated in the early 1900s, when French psychologist Alfred Binet developed the first version.
– Initially, the purpose of the test was not to label people as “smart,” but rather to identify students who might need extra help in school.
– Over time, IQ tests became a way to measure general cognitive ability.
– Renowned scientist Albert Einstein is believed to have had an IQ of 160.
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7. When is International Friendship Day celebrated?
a. 28 July
b. 29 July
c. 30 July
d. 31 July
Answer: c. 30 July
– The United Nations General Assembly adopted the International Day of Friendship in the year 2011.
– The day was declared with the idea that friendship between people, countries, cultures and individuals can inspire peace efforts and build bridges between communities.
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8. The National Sports Administration Bill and the National Anti-Doping (Amendment) Bill 2025 were introduced in the Lok Sabha, it also provides for the formation of which board?
a. National Sports Board (NSB)
b. Services Sports Control Board
c. Wales Cricket Board
d. None of these
Answer: a. National Sports Board (NSB)
– Union Sports Minister Mansukh Mandaviya introduced the bill.
– One of the main provisions of the bill is the formation of a National Sports Board (NSB), which will cover all national sports federations.
– The NSB will be responsible for granting recognition to sports federations, revoking recognition, and providing funding.
– Until now, national-level sports bodies were recognized by the Indian Olympic Association (IOA).
– The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) will also fall under the purview of this bill.
– BCCI has so far claimed to be an autonomous body and does not take any funding from the government.
Key Highlights of the Bill
– The bill proposes the establishment of a National Sports Board for granting recognition to sports bodies to bring stability in sports governance.
– A tribunal is proposed for quick resolution of disputes, reducing reliance on civil courts and ensuring faster case settlements.
– This tribunal will resolve disputes related to selection, elections, and other issues involving sports federations and athletes.
– Decisions of the tribunal can only be challenged in the Supreme Court.
– The bill emphasizes the appointment of experienced sports administrators to handle administrative issues.
– This will eliminate the practice of courts appointing retired judges as administrators.
– A National Sports Election Panel will oversee the elections of sports federations.
– The bill mandates that at least four women must be included in the executive committee of national sports bodies.
– It also defines clear age and tenure limits for positions like President, Secretary General, and Treasurer, which will resolve long-standing legal ambiguities and disputes.
– All state and district-level units will be required to register with the National Sports Board, ensuring better accountability.
– Every sports federation must establish internal dispute resolution committees.
– To protect athletes, especially minors and female athletes, the bill proposes a safe sport framework that goes beyond existing legal provisions.
– National sports bodies will primarily be guided by international charters and statutes.
– The NSB will have a Chairperson, and its members will be appointed by the Central Government.
– These appointments will be based on recommendations from a Selection Committee, which will include:
– The Cabinet Secretary or Sports Secretary as Chairperson
– The Director General of the Sports Authority of India (SAI)
– Two sports administrators (who must have previously served as President, Secretary General, or Treasurer of a national sports federation)
– One eminent sportsperson, who must be a Dronacharya, Khel Ratna, or Arjuna Award winner.
BCCI to Come Under Government Framework Too
– Although BCCI is not financially dependent on the government, it will still be required to obtain recognition from the proposed National Sports Board (NSB).
– BCCI will remain an autonomous body, like all other national sports federations, but any disputes involving it will be resolved by the proposed National Sports Tribunal.
– The government clarified that this bill does not imply direct government control over any National Sports Federation (NSF).
National Anti-Doping Amendment Bill
– The bill includes amendments to the National Anti-Doping Act, 2022, based on suggestions from the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).
– The original Act was passed in 2022, but its implementation was halted due to objections raised by WADA.
– The international agency objected to the formation of a National Anti-Doping Board, which was proposed to advise the government on anti-doping regulations.
– The proposed board was to consist of a Chairperson and two members appointed by the Central Government.
– It was also proposed that this board would have oversight powers over the National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA) and the authority to issue directions.
– WADA rejected this proposal, calling it government interference in an autonomous body.
– In the amended version of the bill, the board provision remains, but it will have no authority to monitor or advise NADA.
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9. When is World Day Against Trafficking in Persons celebrated?
a. 28 July
b. 29 July
c. 30 July
d. 31 July
Answer: c. 30 July
Theme 2025
– Human trafficking is Organized Crime – End the Exploitation
– This day has been declared by the United Nations.
– It is observed to raise awareness about the situation of victims of human trafficking (Trafficking in Persons) and to promote and protect their rights.
– From 2020 to 2023, more than 200,000 victims of human trafficking were identified globally, highlighting the severity of the issue.
– It is believed that the actual number of unreported cases is significantly higher.
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