This is the current affairs of 11 July 2025. Here are questions and answers of daily current affairs for better preparation of competitive exams for government jobs.
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1. Which is the 21st country to adopt ‘Euro’ as its currency?
a. Bulgaria
b. Denmark
c. Hungary
d. Poland
Answer: a. Bulgaria
– On July 8, 2025, the Finance Ministers of the European Union (EU) gave final approval for Bulgaria to adopt the euro.
– Bulgaria will now adopt the euro as its official currency starting January 1, 2026.
– Bulgaria will become the 21st member of the Eurozone.
– Previously, Bulgaria’s national currency was the “Lev,” which it will now officially replace with the euro.
– A fixed exchange rate of 1 euro = 1.95583 lev has been set for the transition.
– Prime Minister Rosen Zhelyazkov described this decision as a “historic moment.”
Bulgaria Has Been an EU Member Since 2007
– The process of adopting the euro as a currency takes time.
– Bulgaria has been working toward this goal since it joined the European Union in 2007.
– Bulgaria had initially aimed to adopt the euro in 2024, but this was delayed due to high inflation.
– However, some people in Bulgaria have opposed the adoption of the euro and have demanded a referendum.
Countries That Use the Euro (21):
– Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Bulgaria
– Note: The European Union consists of 27 countries, of which 21 have adopted the euro as their currency.
Benefits of Adopting the Euro:
– Reduced currency risk: Adopting the euro will reduce currency fluctuation risks, lowering borrowing costs and boosting foreign investment.
– Lower interest rates: Euro adoption can lead to lower interest rates on government and business loans, promoting economic growth.
– Increase in investment: Joining the eurozone can boost investor confidence, attracting more foreign investment into Bulgaria.
– Growth in tourism: Bulgaria may become more attractive to tourists, helping to boost its tourism industry.
– Integration with the EU: Adopting the euro will help Bulgaria integrate more closely with the European Union.
Drawbacks of Adopting the Euro:
– Price increases
– Loss of national identity
– Inflation
– Changes in monetary policy
– Bulgaria – Key Facts:
– Capital: Sofia
– President: Rumen Georgiev Radev
– Population: 6.4 million (2023)
– Official Language: Bulgarian
Neighboring Countries: Romania, Serbia, North Macedonia, Greece, and Turkey.
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2. Which International Court issued arrest warrants against the supreme leader of the Taliban and the Chief Justice of Afghanistan?
a. International Court of Justice (ICJ)
b. International Criminal Court (ICC)
c. Permanent Court of International Justice
d. European Court of Justice (ECJ)
Answer: b. International Criminal Court (ICC)
– ICC Issues Arrest Warrants Against Top Taliban Leaders
On July 8, 2025, the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued arrest warrants against Taliban’s supreme leader Hibatullah Akhundzada and Afghanistan’s Chief Justice Abdul Hakim Haqqani.
– They are accused of committing atrocities against Afghan women, girls, and those who opposed the Taliban’s strict gender policies.
– The court stated that the oppression of women constitutes a crime against humanity.
– These warrants have been issued under charges of crimes against humanity.
– This is the first time the ICC has taken such a legal step against the top leadership of the Taliban.
– The court added that the Taliban deprived women and girls of basic rights such as education, freedom of movement, privacy, and religious expression.
– However, the warrants have been kept sealed for now to protect the safety of victims and witnesses.
Taliban’s Decrees Against Women
– Cannot study beyond 6th grade
– Hijab mandatory when stepping outside
– Cannot travel alone
– Banned from obtaining driving licenses
– Prohibited from entering parks, gyms, and swimming pools
– Not allowed to work in jobs
– No signboards with images of women allowed outside shops
ICC Has No Power to Make Arrests
– Although the ICC has issued the warrants, it does not have the power to arrest individuals itself.
– The ICC can only exercise jurisdiction in countries that have signed and ratified the Rome Statute, the treaty that established the court.
About the International Criminal Court (ICC)
– Headquarters: The Hague, Netherlands
– Different from: The International Court of Justice (ICJ)
– President: Tomoko Akane
– Established: July 1, 2002
– The court was created under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, signed on July 17, 1998
– Member states: 123
– Among them, 31 countries signed the Rome Statute but did not ratify it.
– The United States, Russia, and Ukraine are among these 31 and are not ICC members.
– India and China did not sign the Rome Statute and are also not members of the ICC.
ICC’s Jurisdiction
– Applies only in countries that have signed and ratified the Rome Statute.
– Total member countries: 123
– Note: Indian citizen Justice Dalveer Bhandari is one of the judges at the ICC.
Crimes Under ICC Jurisdiction
1- Genocide
2- Crimes against humanity
3- War crimes
4- Crime of aggression
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3. Asia’s oldest elephant ‘Vatsala’ died in July 2025, she was living in which Tiger Reserve?
a. Ranthambore Tiger Reserve
b. Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve
c. Panna Tiger Reserve
d. Kanha Tiger Reserve
Answer: c. Panna Tiger Reserve
– Asia’s oldest elephant, ‘Vatsala’, passed away on July 8, 2025, at over 100 years of age in Panna Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh.
– Officials and staff of the tiger reserve performed her last rites.
About Elephant ‘Vatsala’
– Vatsala was born in the Nilambur forest of Kerala.
– In 1971, she was brought to Hoshangabad (now Narmadapuram) in Madhya Pradesh.
– In 1993, she was transferred to Panna Tiger Reserve, where she assisted in tracking tigers for 10 years.
– She was retired in 2003, but since then, she had been caring for the calves of other elephants.
– Vatsala was known for her calm nature and nurturing behavior toward young elephants.
– When other female elephants gave birth, Vatsala played the role of a grandmother, taking care of the newborns.
– In her final days, she suffered an injury in the nails of her front legs and sat down near the Khairaiya stream in the Hinouta range of the sanctuary.
– Forest department staff made several attempts to help her stand, but she passed away in the afternoon.
– Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Mohan Yadav expressed grief over her death.
Not Entered in Official Records
– Vatsala was brought to Panna Tiger Reserve in 1993, but due to the absence of a birth record, her name could not be included in the Guinness World Records.
– She was widely believed to be the world’s oldest elephant.
– However, the lack of documented proof prevented official recognition.
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4. Which state government planned to build Asia’s largest jungle safari on the Aravalli Hills?
a. Madhya Pradesh
b. Uttar Pradesh
c. Punjab
d. Haryana
Answer: d. Haryana
– On July 6, 2025, the Haryana government announced that it will develop Asia’s largest jungle safari in the Aravalli Hills.
– The safari will preserve various species of animals, birds, and plants in their natural habitat.
– The project will span approximately 10,000 acres of forest land.
– The primary aim is to conserve wildlife and nature, while also promoting tourism.
Inspired by Gujarat’s ‘Vantara’ Model
– To take inspiration, Haryana Chief Minister Nayab Singh Saini, Union Minister Manohar Lal, and Environment Minister Rao Narbir Singh visited the Vantara Wildlife Facility in Jamnagar, Gujarat.
– The project is envisioned as a major eco-conservation mission.
– The government has emphasized that the ecosystem of the Aravalli hills will be protected through this jungle safari.
Haryana – Quick Facts
– Capital: Chandigarh
– Governor: Bandaru Dattatreya
– Population: 30.7 million (2024)
– Languages: Hindi, Punjabi
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5. The fighter plane ‘Jaguar’ crashed in Charu, Rajasthan, killing two pilots. This plane is manufactured by which country’s company SEPECAT?
a. India and France
b. France and Britain
c. Germany and Russia
d. Russia and Cuba
Answer: b. France and Britain
– On the morning of July 9, 2025, a Jaguar trainer aircraft crashed in a field near Churu, Rajasthan.
– According to defense officials, the twin-seater aircraft was on a routine training flight when the pilots encountered a technical malfunction.
– In an effort to avoid damage to the airbase and nearby populated areas, Squadron Leader Lokendra and Flight Lieutenant Rishi crashed the aircraft deliberately and lost their lives due to severe injuries.
Third Crash in 2025
– March 2025 – Crash in Ambala, Haryana
– April 2025 – Crash in Jamnagar, Gujarat, resulting in the death of the pilot
– July 2025 – Crash in Churu, Rajasthan, resulting in the death of two pilots
A Fighter Jet from the 1970s
– The Jaguar fighter jet is a major strike and ground attack aircraft.
– It was developed by SEPECAT, a joint company of Britain and France.
– SEPECAT was later shut down, as its sole purpose was the Jaguar project.
– The Indian Air Force (IAF) has been operating the Jaguar since 1981.
– For several years, it was also produced in India by HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited).
– The IAF currently operates six Jaguar squadrons.
– It is the only air force in the world still flying the twin-engine Jaguar IS/IB/IM variants.
Indian variants:
– Jaguar IS (Strike)
– Jaguar IB (Trainer)
– Jaguar IM (Maritime)
– The British Royal Air Force retired the Jaguar fleet in 2007.
– No other air force in the world currently uses Jaguars except the Indian Air Force.
– During the ‘Chanakya Dialogue’, the Air Chief Marshal stated that the Air Force requires at least 36 new aircraft every year to retire its aging fleet.
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6. When is National Fish Farmers’ Day celebrated?
a. 7 July
b. 8 July
c. 9 July
d. 10 July
Answer: d. 10 July
– The Department of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry, and Dairying observes this day every year with the support of the National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB).
– The day is celebrated in memory of Dr. K.H. Alikunhi and Dr. H.L. Chaudhury, who on July 10, 1957, developed the induced breeding technique for Indian major carps.
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7. Which state government created a new record by planting 37.21 crore saplings in a single day on 9 July 2025?
a. Punjab
b. Haryana
c. Bihar
d. Uttar Pradesh
Answer: d. Uttar Pradesh
– On July 9, 2025, a total of 372.1 million saplings were planted across Uttar Pradesh as part of the ‘Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam 2.0’ Mega Campaign – 2025.
– Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath inaugurated the campaign by planting a tree in Ayodhya. The plantation drive was carried out across the entire state.
– The Forest Department provided free saplings to all participating departments.
– All planted saplings have been geo-tagged by the department.
2.04 Billion Trees Planted in 8 Years
– Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath stated that Uttar Pradesh has made remarkable progress in environmental conservation over the past eight years.
– During this period, 2.04 billion saplings have been planted, out of which 75% have survived.
– Forest cover has increased over 500,000 acres in the state.
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8. Name the new COO of tech company ‘Apple’, who is of Indian origin?
a. Rajesh Khanna
b. Masaba Khan
c. Sabih Khan
d. Tim Verma
Answer: c. Sabih Khan
– Apple, one of the world’s largest tech companies, has appointed India-born Sabih Khan as its new Chief Operating Officer (COO).
– Khan, aged 58, has served in key roles at Apple for over three decades.
– He replaces Jeff Williams as COO.
– Apple CEO Tim Cook praised Sabih, calling him a brilliant strategist who has taken Apple’s supply chain to new heights.
– With his promotion, Sabih Khan joins the league of prominent Indian-origin leaders such as Indra Nooyi, Satya Nadella, and Sundar Pichai.
About Sabih Khan
– Sabih Khan was born in 1966 in Moradabad, India.
– His father, Saeedullah Khan, originally from Rampur, later moved to Singapore for work.
– His mother, Sajda Khan, lived in Moradabad.
– Sabih spent his childhood and early education in Moradabad, which played a key role in shaping his foundation.
– He was enrolled in St. Mary’s School, Moradabad, where he studied up to Grade 2.
– After that, he moved to Singapore for higher education.
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9. Which country gave its highest civilian honour ‘Order of the Most Ancient Welwitsia Mirabilis’ to PM Modi in July 2025?
a. Namibia
b. Sudan
c. Cambodia
d. Finland
Answer: a. Namibia
– On July 9, 2025, Namibia’s President Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah awarded Prime Minister Narendra Modi with the country’s highest civilian honour.
– This marks the 27th such award given to him by foreign governments.
Honoured in Other Countries Too
– In July 2025, PM Modi visited five countries, four of which conferred upon him their highest national honours:
– Brazil: Grand Collar of the National Order of the Southern Cross
– Trinidad and Tobago: Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
– Ghana: Officer of the Order of the Star of Ghana
Bilateral Agreements
– Two Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) were exchanged in the fields of healthcare and entrepreneurship.
– Additionally, Namibia announced: It is joining the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) and the Global Biofuel Alliance.
– It has become the first country to sign a licensing agreement to adopt India’s UPI (Unified Payments Interface) technology.
Namibia – Quick Facts
– Capital: Windhoek
– President: Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah
– Prime Minister: Elija Ngurare
– Currency: Namibian Dollar
– Population: 3 million
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10. International cricket umpire Bismillah Jan Shinwari died on 7 July 2025. He was from which country?
a. Afghanistan
b. Pakistan
c. West Indies
d. South Africa
Answer: a. Afghanistan
– 41-year-old Bismillah Jan Shinwari was a member of the ICC International Umpire Panel.
– Shinwari umpired in 34 One Day Internationals (ODIs), 26 T20 Internationals, 31 First-Class matches, 51 List A matches, and 96 domestic T20 matches.
– He made his international cricket umpiring debut in December 2017 during an ODI match between Afghanistan and Ireland held in Sharjah.