This is the current affairs 1 & 2 october 2026. Here are questions and answers of daily current affairs for better preparation of competitive exams for government jobs.
1. Due to the bravery of which Indian pilot, who was bleeding after being attacked by his co-pilot, was the FlyDubai flight traveling from Dubai to Israel saved, in an incident that was widely discussed around the world?
a. Smit Machchhar
b. Arvind Sharma
c. Rohit Mehra
d. Vikas Singh
Answer: a. Smit Machchhar (Incident: 30 September 2026)
– Date: 30 September 2026
– Aircraft: FlyDubai’s Boeing 737-8 MAX flight, FZ 1073, was traveling from Dubai, United Arab Emirates, to Tel Aviv, Israel. At that time, there were 174 passengers on board the aircraft. Among them were 27 children.
– Captain Smit Machchhar: An Indian citizen and Captain (Pilot in Command) with FlyDubai, Smit Machchhar was flying the aircraft. He has more than 9,750 hours of flying experience.
– Attack in the Cockpit: During the flight, the Omani co-pilot launched a life-threatening attack on Captain Smit with a knife or a similar object and attempted to disrupt control of the aircraft.
– Sudden Descent: Due to the altercation and interference with the controls, the Boeing 737 MAX aircraft descended directly from 34,000 feet to around 17,000 feet.
– Hijack Code and Landing: Emergency code ‘7700’ and hijack/emergency code ‘7500’ were transmitted from the aircraft. Despite being injured, Captain Smit, with the help of passengers, including Yaniv Hayun, and off-duty pilots on board, managed to overpower the attacker.
– Emergency Landing: The aircraft was safely landed at Tabuk Airport in Saudi Arabia. Captain Smit has undergone surgery and is in stable condition.
The Courage of the Bloodied Captain and Passengers
– Despite suffering serious injuries to his head and hands, 39-year-old Captain Smit Machchhar displayed extraordinary courage.
– Passenger and plumber by profession, Yaniv, told Netanyahu that there was also an off-duty pilot on board the aircraft. The two tried to open the cockpit door together, but were initially unsuccessful.
– However, before losing consciousness, Smit opened the door. Yaniv, who then entered the cockpit, told Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu, ‘Both pilot seats were empty. I saw one pilot lying on the floor covered in blood, while the other pilot was climbing onto the control panel between the two seats.’
– The passengers and off-duty pilots together restrained the attacking co-pilot by tying him up with headphone wires and zip ties.
– During this time, passenger Yaniv took control of the aircraft. He said – I had pulled the sticks completely backward. I regularly watch investigations into plane crashes.’
– After this, the off-duty pilot immediately took control and safely carried out an emergency landing of the aircraft at Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz Airport in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, at 10:45 AM.
– A passenger recorded a video of that moment. It appears that the aircraft had lost its balance due to severe turbulence.
– According to Yasmin, one passenger went toward the cockpit, where one of the pilots, Smit, was lying on the floor covered in blood. However, he had opened the latch of the cockpit door. During this time, the nose of the aircraft was tilted downward, and it was rapidly descending. After this, one passenger entered and called out to the other passengers for help.
9/11-Like Disaster Averted: Global Leaders Praise the Courage
– Following the incident, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, American leaders, and Indian officials strongly praised Captain Smit Machchhar and the brave passengers.
– Netanyahu said that if control of the cockpit had not been regained in time, it could have resulted in a major crash or a catastrophe similar to 9/11.
Who is Captain Smit Machchhar?
– Captain Smit Machchhar is originally from Gujarat.
– He now lives in Dubai.
– He has 13 years of experience in commercial aviation.
– He began his career with India’s SpiceJet in Mumbai.
– He served as a Senior Commander and Line Training Captain.
– He has flown for more than 9,500 hours.
– Of these, more than 6,400 hours were as the main pilot of the aircraft, i.e., as Pilot-in-Command.
– He joined FlyDubai in 2022.
– According to his LinkedIn profile, he has more than 13 years of experience flying commercial aircraft.
– He has flown Boeing 737 aircraft for around 9,750 hours.
– He was also involved in training pilots, assessing them, and guiding them during their work.
– He has undergone surgery at the hospital and is in stable condition. Saudi, UAE, and Israeli agencies are investigating the matter.
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2. US President Trump signed an executive order to rename Artificial Intelligence (AI); what is the new name?
a. Super Intelligence
b. Super Thinks
c. Advanced Intelligence
d. Digital Intelligence
Answer: a. Super Intelligence (SI)
– The US President held a meeting with the CEOs of Google, Anthropic, Meta, OpenAI, X-AI, and Nvidia at the White House on September 29, 2026, regarding the safety and oversight of AI.
– Trump said that it is not appropriate to call AI “artificial,” meaning man-made.
– AI is not limited to answering questions or writing text.
– It can also perform coding, research, data analysis, and many other tasks.
– For this reason, the United States is promoting the term Super Intelligence instead of AI in its official government language.
– The new order is titled “Inaugurating the Era of Super Intelligence.”
– Under this order, government departments and agencies have been asked to use SI or Super Intelligence instead of AI on their websites, reports, public communications, and other new documents.
– Trump had first referred to AI as Super Intelligence (SI) at the UN General Assembly in September.
Four agreements were made by signing the executive order.
1. Companies will themselves check whether their AI models are complying with the prescribed safety rules or not.
2. Companies will create a team that will monitor AI systems and check whether there is any danger or malfunction.
3. Companies will also have their AI models examined by external experts or an independent organization.
4. An independent committee of the companies’ boards will review these investigation reports. If any problem is found, it will also be responsible for resolving it.
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3. The traditional folk instrument ‘Mandar’ from which state received the GI tag?
a. Bihar
b. Jharkhand
c. Uttar Pradesh
d. Chhattisgarh
Answer: b. Jharkhand
– It received the GI tag on September 29, 2026.
– Mandar is a traditional and ancient musical instrument (drum).
– It is used for folk music and dances in tribal and rural areas of India.
– Mandar is hollow from the inside.
– Its cylindrical structure is made from local red clay or wood.
– Both ends are tightly fastened with leather straps (badhi).
– The right side is smaller and the left side is larger, producing different sounds.
– The beats of Mandar resonate in states such as Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha during occasions such as Karma Puja, Sarhul, paddy transplantation, and weddings.
Jharkhand
– Capital: Ranchi
– Governor: Santosh Gangwar
– Chief Minister: Hemant Soren
– Languages: Hindi, Santhali, Bengali, Mundari
– Neighboring States: Bihar, West Bengal, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh
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4. In which countries are the ‘Sites of Satyagraha’ located that have been included in the UNESCO World Heritage tentative list?
a. India and England
b. India and Germany
c. India and South Africa
d. India and Sri Lanka
Answer: c. India and South Africa
‘Sites of Satyagraha’
– It is a group of 9 historical sites in India and South Africa.
– Its objective is to showcase the development and journey of Mahatma Gandhi’s Satyagraha.
– Satyagraha originated in South Africa.
– Later, in India, it became the basis of major non-violent movements.
These are the 9 Sites of Satyagraha:
– Pietermaritzburg Station (Pietermaritzburg, South Africa)
– Phoenix Settlement (near Durban, South Africa)
– Champaran, India (Bihar, India)
– Sabarmati Ashram (Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India)
– Mani Bhavan, Mumbai (Maharashtra, India)
– Harijan Sevak Sangh (Kingsway Camp, Delhi, India)
– Sevagram Ashram (Wardha, Maharashtra, India)
– Aga Khan Palace (Pune, Maharashtra, India)
– Gandhi Smriti (New Delhi, Delhi, India)
For remembering:
– 2 major sites in South Africa: Pietermaritzburg, Phoenix
– 7 major sites in India: Champaran, Sabarmati, Mani Bhavan, Harijan Sevak Sangh, Sevagram, Aga Khan Palace, Gandhi Smriti.
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5. In which state are the ‘Bagh Cave Paintings’ located that have been included in the UNESCO World Heritage tentative list?
a. Madhya Pradesh
b. Bihar
c. Karnataka
d. Uttar Pradesh
Answer: a. Madhya Pradesh (Dhar district)
Bagh Cave Paintings
– The Bagh Caves are located near Bagh town in Dhar district, on the banks of the Baghini River in the Vindhya Mountains.
– The Bagh Caves are known for their mural paintings.
– They depict human figures, flowers and leaves, geometric designs, and glimpses of the life and culture of that period.
– To create the paintings, plaster made of clay and other materials was applied to the walls, and paintings were then made over it using colors.
– The tempera technique was used in these paintings.
Tentative World Heritage Site
– These are sites proposed by the government of a country for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List in the future.
– They are placed on the Tentative List.
– To make a site an official World Heritage Site, it is mandatory for it to first be on the Tentative List.
– This is an initial stage.
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6. In which state are the Chambal Valley temple groups—Bateshwar, Padavali, and Kakanmath—located that have been included in the UNESCO World Heritage tentative list?
a. Uttar Pradesh
b. Haryana
c. Punjab
d. Madhya Pradesh
Answer: d. Madhya Pradesh (Morena)
Chambal Valley Temple Groups, Morena
– The temples of Bateshwar, Padavali, and Kakanmath in the Chambal Valley of Morena district are also included.
– All three temples tell the story of the development of temple architecture in the Chambal region.
– Bateshwar has more than 200 small temples.
– Padavali Temple is known for its beautiful stone carvings.
– Kakanmath Temple shows the developed form of the Nagara style.
– These temples were built between the 8th and 11th centuries.
– They were constructed during the rule of the Gurjara-Pratihara and Kachchhapaghata rulers.
Note – There are two famous and historical temple complexes named Bateshwar. The first is Bateshwar Dham, located on the banks of the Yamuna River in Agra district of Uttar Pradesh. The second is the Bateshwar temple group located near Padavali in Morena district (near Gwalior).
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7. In which state are the ‘Udayagiri Caves’ located that have been included in the UNESCO World Heritage tentative list?
a. Madhya Pradesh
b. Bihar
c. Jharkhand
d. Assam
Answer: a. Madhya Pradesh (Vidisha)
Udayagiri Caves
– These caves are located in Vidisha district of Madhya Pradesh.
– There are a total of 20 caves here, featuring mainly temples and sculptures associated with Hinduism.
– Some caves also contain remains associated with Jain and other religious traditions.
– The most famous artwork at Udayagiri is the huge rock-cut sculpture of Lord Vishnu’s Varaha incarnation.
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8. In which state is the ‘Ginnaurgarh Fort’ located that has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage tentative list?
a. Uttar Pradesh
b. Punjab
c. Madhya Pradesh
d. Tamil Nadu
Answer: c. Madhya Pradesh (Raisen)
Ginnaurgarh Fort, Raisen
– It is an ancient hill fort located approximately 60–65 km from Bhopal.
– Ginnaurgarh was a major fortified capital of the old Gond rulers.
– The greatest feature of Ginnaurgarh is its natural and strategic location.
– The fort is built on a high hill and is surrounded by forests and hilly terrain.
Tentative World Heritage Site
– These are sites proposed by the government of a country for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List in the future.
– They are placed on the Tentative List.
– To make a site an official World Heritage Site, it is mandatory for it to first be on the Tentative List.
– This is an initial stage.
78 Permanent World Heritage Sites of India
1) Group of Monuments at Mandu, Madhya Pradesh: 03/07/1998
2) Mattancherry Palace, Ernakulam, Kerala: 03/07/1998
3) Temples of Bishnupur, West Bengal: 03/07/1998
4) Sri Harmandir Sahib, Amritsar, Punjab: 05/01/2004
5) Majuli River Island, located in the Brahmaputra River in Assam: 02/03/2004
6) Wild Ass Sanctuary, Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat: 15/03/2006
7) Namdapha National Park, Arunachal Pradesh: 15/03/2006
8) Desert National Park, Rajasthan: 26/05/2009
9) Neora Valley National Park, West Bengal: 26/05/2009
10) Silk Road Sites in India, various states: 20/01/2010
11) Qutb Shahi Monuments of Hyderabad: Golconda Fort, Qutb Shahi Tombs and Charminar, Telangana: 10/09/2010
12) Mughal Gardens of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir: 13/12/2010
13) Delhi: A Heritage City, Delhi: 22/05/2012
14) Baháʼí House of Worship, New Delhi: 15/04/2014
15) Chettinad: Cluster of Villages of Tamil Merchants, Tamil Nadu: 15/04/2014
16) Mountain Railways of India, various states: 15/04/2014
17) Archaeological Remains of Lothal, Harappan Port-Town, Gujarat: 15/04/2014
18) Burzahom Neolithic Settlement, Jammu and Kashmir: 15/04/2014
19) Ekamra Kshetra: Temple City, Bhubaneswar, Odisha: 15/04/2014
20) Narcondam Island, Andaman and Nicobar Islands: 15/04/2014
21) Thembang Fortified Village, Arunachal Pradesh: 15/04/2014
22) Sites of Satyagraha: Sites of India’s Non-Violent Freedom Movement, various states: 15/04/2014
23) Padmanabhapuram Palace, Tamil Nadu: 15/04/2014
24) Chilika Lake, Odisha: 15/04/2014
25) Monuments of Srirangapatna Island Town, Karnataka: 15/04/2014
26) Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam, Tamil Nadu: 15/04/2014
27) Apatani Cultural Landscape, Arunachal Pradesh: 15/04/2014
28) Distinctive Saree Weaving Clusters of India, various states: 15/04/2014
29) Cellular Jail, Andaman Islands, Andaman and Nicobar Islands: 15/04/2014
30) Monuments and Forts of the Deccan Sultanate, various states: 15/04/2014
31) Aihole: Badami: Pattadakal: Evolution of Temple Architecture, Karnataka: 09/02/2015
32) Uttarapatha, Imperial Road, Sadak-e-Azam and Grand Trunk Road Sites, various states: 15/04/2015
33) Cold Desert Cultural Landscape of India, Himachal Pradesh: 15/04/2015
34) Keibul Lamjao Conservation Area, Manipur: 11/03/2016
35) Garo Hills Conservation Area, Meghalaya: 26/07/2018
36) Historic Ensemble of Orchha, Madhya Pradesh: 15/04/2019
37) Satpura Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh: 13/04/2021
38) Bhedaghat: Lametaghat, Narmada Valley, Madhya Pradesh: 13/04/2021
39) Hire Benkal, Megalithic Site, Karnataka: 13/04/2021
40) Temples of Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu: 13/04/2021
41) Iconic Riverfront of the Historic City of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh: 13/04/2021
42) Sri Veerabhadra Temple and Monolithic Nandi, Lepakshi, Vijayanagara Sculpture and Painting Tradition, Andhra Pradesh: 17/02/2022
43) Jingkieng Jri: Living Root Bridges Cultural Landscape, Meghalaya: 17/02/2022
44) Geomorphic Pictures of the Konkan Region of India: Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka: 17/02/2022
45) Vadnagar: A Multilayered Historic City of Gujarat, Gujarat: 13/12/2022
46) Unakoti, Unakoti Range, Rock-cut Sculptures and Engravings of Unakoti District, Tripura: 13/12/2022
47) Sun Temple, Modhera and its Environs, Gujarat: 13/12/2022
48) Coastal Fortifications along the Konkan Coast of Maharashtra: Serial Nomination, Maharashtra: 03/01/2024
49) Historic Ensemble of Dhamnar, Madhya Pradesh: 08/02/2024
50) Gond Monuments of Ramnagar, Mandla, Madhya Pradesh: 08/02/2024
51) Bhojeshwar Mahadev Temple, Bhojpur, Madhya Pradesh: 08/02/2024
52) Rock Art Sites of the Chambal Valley, Madhya Pradesh: 08/02/2024
53) Khooni Bhandara, Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh: 08/02/2024
54) Gwalior Fort, Madhya Pradesh: 08/02/2024
55) Palaces and Forts of the Bundelas, Madhya Pradesh: 11/02/2025
56) Gupta-era Temples of North India: Serial Nomination, various states: 11/02/2025
57) Chausath Yogini Temples: Serial Nomination, various states: 11/02/2025
58) Ashokan Edict Sites along the Mauryan Routes: Serial Nomination, various states: 11/02/2025
59) Menhirs of Mudumal, Megalithic Site, Telangana: 11/02/2025
60) Kanger Valley National Park, Chhattisgarh: 11/02/2025
61) Salkhan Fossil Park, Sonbhadra, Uttar Pradesh: 04/06/2025
62) Natural Heritage: Varkala, Kerala: 27/08/2025
63) Natural Heritage of Tirumala Hills, Andhra Pradesh: 27/08/2025
64) Erra Matti Dibbalu Natural Heritage, Andhra Pradesh: 27/08/2025
65) Caves of the Meghalaya Age, Meghalaya: 27/08/2025
66) Geological Heritage of St. Mary’s Island Group, Karnataka: 27/08/2025
67) Deccan Traps of Panchgani and Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra: 27/08/2025
68) Naga Hill Ophiolite, Nagaland: 27/08/2025
69) Buddhist Triangle Sites of Odisha: Serial Nomination, Odisha: 22/12/2025
70) Colonial Penal Settlement of the Andaman Islands, Andaman and Nicobar Islands: 22/05/2026
71) Nicobari Cultural Continuity in the Central Nicobar Islands, Andaman and Nicobar Islands: 22/05/2026
72) Painted Havelis of Shekhawati, Rajasthan: 01/06/2026
73) Rangpur: Sivasagar Historic Ensemble, Assam: 19/06/2026
74) – Bagh Cave Paintings, Dhar, Madhya Pradesh: 08/07/2026
75) Chambal Valley Temple Groups: Bateshwar, Padavali and Kakanmath: Morena, Madhya Pradesh: 08/07/2026
76) Udayagiri Caves, Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh: 08/07/2026
77) Ginnaurgarh Fort, Raisen, Madhya Pradesh: 08/07/2026
78) Sites of Satyagraha, 9 sites associated with Mahatma Gandhi’s Satyagraha in India and South Africa: 03/09/2026
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9. Who won the gold medal in mixed compound archery at the 2026 Asian Games?
a. Rishabh Yadav and Chikitha Taniparthi
b. Sahil Rajesh Jadhav and Jyoti Surekha
c. Jyoti Surekha Vennam and Rishabh Yadav
d. Sahil Rajesh Jadhav and Chikitha Taniparthi
Answer: d. Sahil Rajesh Jadhav and Chikitha Taniparthi
– This pair achieved the feat in the match held on September 30, 2026, defeating South Korea in a shoot-off.
– They also secured an Olympic qualification.
– India had also won the gold medal in the mixed compound event at the 2023 Asian Games.
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10. Which Indian pair won the gold medal in the mixed trap shooting event at the 2026 Asian Games?
a. Neeru Dhanda and Kynan Chenai
b. Kynan Chenai and Suruchi Singh
c. Suruchi Singh and Kamaljeet
d. Neeru Dhanda and Kamaljeet
Answer: a. Neeru Dhanda and Kynan Chenai
– This Indian pair hit 34 accurate targets out of 40 in the final.
– It was Neeru Dhanda’s second gold medal at the Asian Games.
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11. Which trio won the gold medal in the men’s team compound archery event at the 2026 Asian Games?
a. Praveen, Tarundeep and Kushal
b. Sahil, Ganesh and Kushal
c. Tarundeep, Rahul and Kushal
d. Ganesh, Praveen and Kushal
Answer: b. Sahil, Ganesh and Kushal
– They achieved this feat in the match held on September 30, 2026.
– Sahil, Ganesh and Kushal scored a combined total of 238.
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12. Which Indian trio won gold in the women’s compound archery team event at the 2026 Asian Games?
a. Jyoti Surekha Vennam, Chikitha Taniparthi and Prithika Pradeep
b. Jyoti Vennam, Deepika Kumari and Chikitha Taniparthi
c. Madhura Dhamangaonkar, Prithika Pradeep and Jyoti Surekha Vennam
d. Jyoti Vennam, Deepika Kumari and Madhura Dhamangaonkar
Answer: a. Jyoti Surekha Vennam, Chikitha Taniparthi and Prithika Pradeep
– This trio also equaled the world record with a score of 238.
– This score of 238 had been achieved by South Korea in the 2014 women’s compound team event.
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13. Fatima Zahra El Mansouri became the first female Prime Minister of which country?
a. Libya
b. Morocco
c. Spain
d. Algeria
Answer: b. Morocco
– King Mohammed VI of Morocco appointed Fatima Zahra El Mansouri as the country’s first female Prime Minister on September 29, 2026.
– Fatima became the second woman to become Prime Minister in an Arab country.
– Before her, Najla Bouden served as the Prime Minister of Tunisia until 2023.
– Fatima’s party is the Authenticity and Modernity Party (PAM).
– 50-year-old Fatima studied law at the University of Montpellier in France.
– PAM was formed in 2008, and Fatima joined the party in the same year.
– In 2009, she was elected Mayor of Marrakech city.
– She was the first female mayor of this city.
Morocco
– Capital: Rabat
– Population: 3.88 crore
– Language: Arabic and Amazigh
– Currency: Moroccan Dirham
– Neighboring countries: Algeria, Sahara, Spain.
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14. Edward Rukidi Kitijanangoma was chosen as the King of the ‘Toro Kingdom’—one of the four kingdoms of which country?
a. Kampala
b. Sudan
c. Uganda
d. Kenya
Answer: c. Uganda (the King’s new royal name – Edward Rukidi Nyabongo I)
– Edward Rukidi Kitijanangoma was crowned the 13th king at Karuzika Palace in Fort Portal City on September 29, 2026.
– Edward Rukidi was a former TV journalist and anchor.
– He adopted the royal name Edward Rukidi Nyabongo I.
– Kitijanangoma succeeded King Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV, who died in August 2026.
– The succession dispute arose within the royal family when it was claimed that the late king had left a successor in his 2022 will.
– The government announced the coronation date, and President Museveni attended the ceremony.
Four Kingdoms in Uganda
– Traditional kings in Uganda do not have formal political authority, but they retain cultural influence and receive considerable loyalty from the communities they lead.
– There are four main kingdoms in the country, the largest and most prominent of which is Buganda, located in the central region and including the capital Kampala.
– These kingdoms were abolished in 1967, but the government led by President Yoweri Museveni restored them in the early 1990s.
– The government said this was done to promote cultural pride and national unity, but the move has also been viewed as a way to appease communities and promote political loyalty.
Uganda
– President: Yoweri Museveni
– Prime Minister: Robinah Nabbanja
– Capital: Kampala
– Currency: Shilling
– Languages: English and Swahili
– Population: 5.27 crore
– Neighboring countries: Kenya, Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Rwanda, Tanzania
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15. When is the International Day of Older Persons celebrated?
a. 1 October
b. 2 October
c. 3 October
d. 4 October
Answer: a. 1 October
2026 Theme
– The Age of Longevity: Rethinking Systems for Longer Lives
– The Age of Longevity: Rethinking Systems for Longer Lives
– It was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on December 14, 1990.
– First observance: It was celebrated for the first time in 1991.
Objectives
– To protect the rights, welfare, and dignity of older persons.
– To recognize their contributions to society.
– To raise awareness about issues related to the growing older population, including health, economic security, and social inclusion.
Government Policy Regarding Older Persons
– The government has formulated the “National Policy on Older Persons” for them.
– Along with this, the Senior Citizens Act, 2007 is in force, which provides legal guarantees for the maintenance and rights of older persons.
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16. When is International Coffee Day celebrated?
a. 1 October
b. 2 October
c. 3 October
d. 4 October
Answer: a. 1 October
2026 Theme
– Coffee is Part of the Solution.
– Coffee is Part of the Solution
– This day was launched by the International Coffee Organization in 2015.
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