This is the current affairs of 9 – 10 July 2025. Here are questions and answers of daily current affairs for better preparation of competitive exams for government jobs.
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1. Which state has implemented domicile policy for 35 percent reservation for women in government jobs?
a. Bihar
b. Uttar Pradesh
c. Uttarakhand
d. Himachal Pradesh
Answer: a. Bihar
– The state cabinet, under the leadership of Chief Minister Nitish Kumar, made this decision on July 8, 2025.
– In addition to this, 43 other proposals were also approved.
What is Domicile?
– Domicile means a “local residence certificate.” It indicates which state a person is a permanent resident of.
– Based on domicile certificates, state governments give preference to local youth in jobs, educational institution seats, or local schemes.
Domicile Policy in 35% Women’s Reservation
– In 2016, the Bihar government implemented 35% reservation for women in government jobs. Women from outside Bihar were also eligible to benefit from this reservation policy.
– Now, in July 2025, the state cabinet decided that this reservation benefit will be available only to women who are original residents of Bihar.
– Women from other states applying for Bihar government jobs will be considered as candidates in the general category.
In Which States is Domicile Applicable?
– Domicile policies are in place in several states including Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, and Rajasthan.
– In those states, local youth are given special preference in jobs.
– Students from Bihar have long argued that they suffer disadvantages due to the domicile policies of other states.
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2. Which state government’s cabinet constituted the ‘Youth Commission’ in July 2025?
a. Uttar Pradesh
b. Bihar
c. Tamil Nadu
d. Jharkhand
Answer: b. Bihar
What Will the Commission Be Called? – Bihar Youth Commission
Objective
– Chief Minister Nitish Kumar stated that the state government has decided to establish the Bihar Youth Commission with the aim of providing more employment opportunities to the youth of Bihar, training them, and making them empowered and capable.
– This commission will also coordinate with government departments to ensure better education and employment opportunities for the youth.
Structure of the Bihar Youth Commission
– The Bihar Youth Commission will consist of one Chairperson, two Vice-Chairpersons, and seven members.
– The maximum age limit for these members will be 45 years.
– The commission will monitor whether local youth are being given priority in private-sector jobs within the state and will also work to protect the interests of those studying or working outside the state.
– It will also design programs and make recommendations to the government for tackling social evils, and preventing alcohol and drug abuse.
Which States Have a ‘Youth Commission’?
– Maharashtra was the first state to formally establish a Youth Commission under a legislative framework, giving it legal authority to address youth grievances and issues.
– Madhya Pradesh has the Madhya Pradesh State Youth Commission / Youth Policy Council.
– Some other states, like Chhattisgarh and Punjab, have recently announced or proposed the formation of such commissions.
Which States Have a ‘Youth Commission’?
– Maharashtra was the first state to formally establish a Youth Commission under a legislative framework, granting it legal authority to address the grievances and issues of the youth.
– Madhya Pradesh has a State Youth Commission / Youth Policy Council.
– Some other states, such as Chhattisgarh and Punjab, have recently announced or proposed the formation of such commissions.
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3. Under the “Bihar New and Renewable Energy Sources Promotion Policy 2025”, the state government has made it mandatory to purchase what percentage of electricity from renewable sources in the next five years?
a. 23.33%
b. 33.33%
c. 46.33%
d. 43.33%
Answer: d. 43.33%
– The Bihar Cabinet approved this policy in July 2025.
– Name of the Policy: Bihar Promotion Policy for New and Renewable Energy Sources 2025
– Replaces the Policy: New and Renewable Energy Policy – 2017
– How long will the new policy remain effective: Five years
Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO)
– Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) – It means that a certain percentage of the total electricity consumed must mandatorily be purchased from renewable sources (such as solar, wind).
– This policy will be effective in achieving the 43.33% Renewable Purchase Obligation target set by the Ministry of Power, Bihar Electricity Regulatory Commission, and Central Electricity Authority in the next five years.
– 43.33% – A target has been set to purchase 43.33% of total electricity consumption from renewable sources.
– As per the guidelines of the Energy Department, while preparing this policy, the Bihar Renewable Development Agency (BREDA) conducted a comparative study of the energy policies of leading states like Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Gujarat.
– The policy includes investor-friendly provisions such as exemption from stamp duty, land conversion charges, transmission and wheeling charges, electricity duty, STU charges, energy banking, relaxation in rooftop module structure height, green tariff, feed-in tariff, deemed industry status, concessions for building transmission/distribution infrastructure for grid connectivity and dispatch, single-window facility, carbon credit/carbon pricing, and SGST exemption.
– These provisions will make project implementation easier and more profitable in both private and public sectors.
Target for Renewable Energy Development
– Bihar has set a target to develop 23,968 megawatts (MW) of power capacity from new and renewable energy sources.
– Additionally, the state aims to create 6.1 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of renewable energy storage capacity.
– The policy includes advanced and future-focused technologies such as green hydrogen, geothermal energy, pumped storage, and grid-level battery storage.
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4. Who became the first woman fighter pilot of the Indian Navy?
a. Divya Sharma
b. Vartika Joshi
c. Aastha Poonia
d. Pratibha Jamwal
Answer: c. Aastha Poonia
– Sub-Lieutenant Aastha Poonia has become the first woman to join the fighter stream of Naval Aviation, breaking barriers and contributing to the Indian Navy’s Nari Shakti (women empowerment) initiative.
– Aastha was awarded the ‘Wings of Gold’ in July 2025, officially becoming a fighter pilot.
– She completed her Hawk Advanced Jet training at INS Dega, Visakhapatnam.
– She will now undergo advanced training to fly supersonic fighter aircraft like the MiG-29K.
About Aastha Poonia
– Aastha Poonia hails from Meerut, Uttar Pradesh.
– Her parents are government school teachers.
– She completed her 12th grade from Muzaffarnagar, and then pursued B.Tech from Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan.
– After B.Tech, she joined a multinational company with a package of ₹21 lakh per annum.
– However, she resigned within a month, as her dream had always been to join the Navy.
– She was selected for the Navy through the CDS (Combined Defence Services) Exam.
Why is this Achievement Special?
– Until now, women in the Navy were limited to flying helicopters and maritime patrol aircraft.
– For the first time, a woman has been given the responsibility to fly combat fighter jets.
– She will take off from aircraft carriers like INS Vikramaditya and INS Vikrant.
– This marks a historic shift and reflects the Navy’s policy toward gender equality.
First Women Pilots in the Armed Forces
– First woman fighter pilot in the Air Force: Avani Chaturvedi
– First woman to fly the Rafale fighter jet: Shivangi Singh
– First woman permanently appointed to Air Force’s Jaguar Squadron: Tanushka Singh
– First woman fighter pilot in the Army: Abhilasha Barak
– First woman helicopter pilot in the Navy: Anamika B. Rajeev
– First woman fighter pilot in the Navy: Aastha Poonia
How to Become a Fighter Pilot?
– To enter the Army, Navy, or Air Force, one must qualify exams like NDA, NCC Special Entry, AFCAT, or CDS.
– After clearing any of these exams, candidates can opt to become fighter pilots.
– They must complete a graduation course at the Combat Army Aviation Training School in Nashik.
– After that, one becomes eligible to serve as a fighter pilot.
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5. The UNGA passed a resolution appealing to which country to end atrocities on women, in which India was absent from voting?
a. Congo
b. Afghanistan
c. Syria
d. Pakistan
Answer: b. Afghanistan
– On July 7, 2025, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution with the support of 116 countries.
– The United States and Israel voted against the resolution.
– India, China, Russia, Iran, and 12 other countries abstained from voting.
What Does the Resolution Say?
– The resolution calls on the Taliban to revoke their harsh rules,
– Especially those that restrict women’s and girls’ education (banning education beyond 6th grade) and freedom of movement.
– It also calls for the elimination of terrorist groups such as Al-Qaeda and Islamic State (ISIS).
– Although the resolution is not legally binding,
– It sends a strong global message that the world stands with the Afghan people, especially women and children.
Russia – First Country to Recognize the Taliban Government
– The resolution comes at a time when Russia has become the first country to officially recognize the Taliban government.
– Most countries believe that if the Taliban seeks global legitimacy, it must respect human rights.
Resolution Introduced by Germany
– The resolution was introduced by Germany.
– Germany’s UN Ambassador, Antje Leendertse, stated that the vote demonstrates that the world has not forgotten Afghan women and children, who are suffering from poverty, hunger, and violence.
– The resolution also suggests that UN Secretary-General António Guterres appoint a special coordinator to enhance global efforts and dialogue on Afghanistan.
UNGA – United Nations General Assembly
– Founded: 1945 under the UN Charter
– First Meeting: January 10, 1946, in London
– Headquarters: New York, USA
– Members: All 193 UN member states are members of the UNGA
– Voting: Every country has one equal vote – “One Country, One Vote”
Main Functions
🌐 Discussion on Global Issues: Such as peace, security, climate change, human rights, development, etc.
🗳️ Passing Resolutions: The UNGA passes only non-binding recommendations (non-binding resolutions). These do not become laws but create moral and political pressure.
💰 Decision on UN Budget: The UNGA approves the annual budget of the United Nations.
👤 Appointment of UN Secretary-General: It allows the appointment of the Secretary-General based on the recommendation of the Security Council.
⚖️ Election of ICJ Judges: Participates in the election of judges of the International Court of Justice (ICJ).
Sessions and special meetings
– Every year in September, the annual session of UNGA is held at the United Nations Headquarters in New York.
– During this time, heads of states from all over the world give speeches. It is called High-Level Week.
Difference between UNGA vs UNSC
Points, General Assembly (UNGA), Security Council (UNSC)
– Members, 193 countries, 15 countries (5 permanent + 10 temporary)
– Decisions, non-binding, binding
– Objectives, comprehensive discussion and recommendations, maintaining international peace and security
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6. Who became the 8th country in the world and the first Caribbean country to adopt UPI?
a. Bahamas
b. Trinidad and Tobago
c. Barbados
d. Greenland
Answer: b. Trinidad and Tobago
– UPI: Unified Payments Interface
– Now, Indian tourists can directly make payments in Indian Rupees using their mobile UPI apps.
– This service was launched during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Trinidad and Tobago in July 2025.
– UPI (Unified Payments Interface) is a fast, secure, and real-time digital payment system developed in India.
– It allows people to instantly send or receive money using just a mobile phone and internet connection—without entering bank details, only using a mobile number or UPI ID.
Note: The Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, Kamla Persad-Bissessar, honored Prime Minister Narendra Modi with the ‘Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago’ on July 5, 2025.
List of countries accepting UPI
1. Bhutan
2. France
3. Mauritius
4. Nepal
5. Singapore
6. Sri Lanka
7. United Arab Emirates
8. Trinidad and Tobago
Note – UPI is also being planned in Maldives.
List of countries accepting RuPay card:
1. Bhutan
2. Nepal
3. Mauritius
4. Singapore
5. UAE
6. Maldives
About NPCL
– NPCI International Payments Limited (NPCL) is the international arm of the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), the company that developed UPI.
– NPCL works to promote the use of UPI in other countries.
– UPI is one of the most popular digital payment options in India.
– NPCI was established in 2008 to operate retail payments and settlement systems in India.
Trinidad and Tobago
– Capital: Port of Spain
– President: Christine Kangaloo
– Prime Minister: Kamla Persad-Bissessar
– Currency: Trinidad and Tobago Dollar (TTD)
– Population: 1.5 million
– India and Trinidad and Tobago established diplomatic relations on August 31, 1962, the same year this Caribbean nation gained independence.
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7. Famous football player Peter Rufai died on 4th July 2025, he played for which country?
a. Nigeria
b. Spain
c. Netherlands
d. Argentina
Answer: a. Nigeria
– Peter Rufai, aged 65, was the goalkeeper for the Nigeria national football team.
– He was a key member of Nigeria’s 1994 Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON) winning squad.
– He also participated in two FIFA World Cups.
– Born in Lagos, Rufai played 65 international matches for Nigeria between 1983 and 1998.
– Players, fans, and the Nigeria Football Federation (NFF) from around the world expressed their condolences on Peter Rufai’s passing.
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8. When is world chocolate day celebrated?
a. 7 July
b. 8 July
c. 9 July
d. 10 July
Answer: a. 7 July
– World Chocolate Day was first celebrated in the year 2009.
– It is also believed that people started celebrating 7th July as International Chocolate Day because it was the day when chocolate was introduced in Europe for the first time in 1550.
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9. Which country honoured PM Modi with its highest honour ‘Grand Collar of the National Order of the Southern Cross’ in July 2025?
a. Brazil
b. Nepal
c. Myanmar
d. Greenland
Answer: a. Brazil
– Brazilian President Lula da Silva honored Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 8th July 2025.
– This award was given to PM Modi for strengthening bilateral relations between India and Brazil and enhancing cooperation on global platforms.
– This is the 26th international award received by PM Modi from foreign governments since becoming Prime Minister.
Grand Collar of the National Order of the Southern Cross
– The Brazilian government usually confers this award on heads of state and government leaders.
– It is given to individuals who have made a special contribution to strengthening relations between Brazil and other countries.
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10. Which famous epigraphist and archaeologist was awarded the Tamil Vicky Suran Award?
a. Braj Basi Lal
b. Rajsi Tyagi
c. R.S. Bisht
d. V. Vedachalam
Answer: d. V. Vedachalam
– This award is given to individuals who have made significant contributions to the development of the Tamil language and literature, especially in the discovery and preservation of manuscripts, inscriptions, and ancient literature.
– The award is presented in memory of U.V. Swaminatha Iyer.
V. Vedachalam
– Archaeologist and Tamil epigraphy expert V. Vedachalam has been honored with the Tamil Vicky Suran Award on entering his 51st year in the field.
– The award was given to him for his long and dedicated work in history and archaeology in Madurai, Tamil Nadu.
– His first significant project was in Karur, the ancient capital of the Chera dynasty.
– There, he helped discover a part of the old fort’s wall.
– Vedachalam was among the first scholars to recognize the importance of the Keeladi archaeological site.
– This site later became famous for historical evidence related to the Sangam age.
– At the age of 75, Vedachalam has authored 25 books so far.
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