This is the current affairs of 25 November 2025. Here are questions and answers of daily current affairs for better preparation of competitive exams for government jobs.
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1. In which country did the ‘Heli Gubbi’ volcano erupt after 12,000 years, the ash cloud of which reached India?
a. Djibouti
b. Indonesia
c. Ethiopia
d. Oman
Answer: c. Ethiopia
– The ‘Heli Gubbi’ volcano of Ethiopia erupted on 24 November 2025 after 12,000 years.
– It is being said that the force with which ash and lava burst out of the volcano has been recorded in history for the first time.
– A dense cloud of smoke rose up to 14 kilometers in the sky.
– This smoke spread eastwards through the Red Sea towards the Arabian Peninsula and the Indian subcontinent.
– The ash clouds spread to Yemen, Oman, India and northern Pakistan. It also went towards China.
– This ash also spread over the skies of several states including Delhi, which is 4,300 km away from Ethiopia.
– Because of this, the operation of many aircraft had to be stopped.
About the ‘Heli Gubbi’ volcano
– The height of the volcano is 500 meters above sea level.
– It lies within the Rift Valley.
– Two tectonic plates meet beneath it, due to which this place is an area of intense geological activity.
Aviation operations were affected
– The ash cloud raised by the eruption of the Heli Gubbi volcano affected flight operations in India on 25 November 2025.
– Its ash cloud reached up to India.
– The India Meteorological Department (IMD) said that forecasting models indicated the impact of ash in Gujarat, Delhi-NCR, Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana.
– IMD Director General Mrutyunjay Mohapatra said that ash clouds are moving towards China and will move away from Indian skies by 7:30 pm.
Pollution problem
– On 25 November, dense fog covered Delhi and the city’s air quality remained ‘very poor’.
– Meanwhile, concerns were raised that the ash clouds generated by volcanic activity in Ethiopia may worsen pollution levels in the region.
Air traffic was affected
– The ash clouds generated by the eruption of the Heli Gubbi volcano affected flight operations.
– Air India cancelled at least 11 flights from Monday and is carrying out precautionary checks on those aircraft that flew over places containing volcanic ash due to the volcanic activity in Ethiopia.
How volcanic ash damages aircraft
– The DGCA issued an advisory directing airlines to strictly avoid the affected altitudes and regions to ensure flight safety.
– The reason is that volcanic ash can damage aircraft engines due to its abrasive, glass-like particles, which melt at high temperatures.
– When ash enters parts of an aircraft, it can melt on hot engine components, turn into a glass-like substance, and stick to turbine blades.
Ethiopia
– It is a landlocked country in the African continent.
– Capital – Addis Ababa
– President – Taye Atske Selassie
– Prime Minister – Abiy Ahmed
– Currency – Birr
– Neighbouring countries – Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, South Sudan, Sudan
Note – Ethiopia is one of the oldest nations in Africa, but for the past decade it has been experiencing continued instability due to ethnic tensions, centre vs regional power struggles, and political restructuring. The major reasons are the country’s multi-ethnic federal structure, powerful regional militias, and disagreement over central government reforms.
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2. In which country did the volcano ‘Mount Semeru’ erupt with an explosion and thousands of people were evacuated from the area?
a. USA
b. Indonesia
c. India
d. Australia
Answer: b. Indonesia (Mount Semeru is a volcano located in East Java)
– Mount Semeru is located in East Java, Indonesia.
– It erupted in November 2025, sending grey ash up to about two kilometers.
– An explosion occurred in the volcano, trapping over 170 climbers who were camping nearby. However, Indonesian authorities safely rescued all of them.
– An area of 3 to 8 kilometers around the volcano has been declared a danger zone.
– It is a 3,676-meter (12,000 feet) high mountain, the tallest volcano in Indonesia.
Most active volcanoes in Indonesia
– There are 1,500 active volcanoes in the world.
– Among them, the highest number—130 active volcanoes—are in Indonesia.
– Seven volcanoes have been erupting continuously for the past two years: Krakatau, Merapi, Lewotolok, Karangetang, Semeru, Ibu, and Dukono.
– In December 2023, Mount Marapi (Fire Mountain) erupted on Sumatra island, killing 23 people.
– Also, Anak Krakatoa volcano, located in the waters of the Sunda Strait in Indonesia, erupted in November 2023.
– In 2024, ‘Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki’ erupted twice.
Ring of Fire
– This country lies on the Pacific Ring of Fire.
– This region experiences the highest geological and geophysical activity.
– At the location of Indonesia, the Eurasian tectonic plate is shifting southwards.
– The Indian-Australian plate is moving northwards, and the Philippines plate is moving westwards.
– Collisions and movements among these three plates cause recurring volcanic eruptions.
Indonesia
– Capital – Jakarta
– President – Prabowo Subianto
– Currency – Indonesian Rupiah
– Population – Approximately 280 million
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3. Kilauea volcano, one of the world’s most active volcanoes, located on the Hawaiian island of which country, has erupted again?
a. Germany
b. Japan
c. New Zealand
d. USA
Answer: d. USA
– Kilauea, also called Mount Kilauea (“much spreading” in Hawaiian),
– is located in the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the southeastern part of the Hawaiian island of the United States.
– Its western and northern slopes merge with the nearby Mauna Loa volcano.
– It is ranked among the world’s most active volcanoes and is dome-shaped.
– This time two streams of lava emerged.
What is a volcano and how does it erupt?
– A volcano is an opening or rupture in the Earth’s surface that releases magma – hot liquid and semi-liquid rock – volcanic ash and gases.
– In other words, a volcano is a crack or vent on the Earth’s surface through which lava, ash, molten rocks and gases emerge from the Earth’s interior.
– There is a weak zone in the Earth’s mantle called the asthenosphere, and magma is the material present in it.
– Volcanic hotspots are locations where tectonic plates meet.
– There are an estimated one million volcanoes under the sea, most of them near tectonic plates.
– When tectonic plates collide, temperature and pressure rise, producing magma.
– When magma emerges from the Earth’s interior, it is called lava.
Effects of volcanic eruptions
Seismic activity (earthquakes):
– Movement of lava beneath the volcano can trigger earthquakes, causing cracks and destruction.
Climate effects:
– Gases released during eruptions can disrupt weather patterns, leading to unpredictable climate changes.
Pyroclastic flow:
– Hot, fast-moving clouds of gas and debris can destroy everything in their path.
Volcanic ash:
– Inhalation can cause severe respiratory problems and can be deadly.
Health hazards:
– Volcanic gases and ash can cause long-term respiratory diseases and lung damage.
Volcanoes in India
– Barren Island, Andaman (active)
– Narcondam, Andaman (dormant)
– Baratang, Andaman (dormant)
– Deccan Traps, Maharashtra (dormant region)
– Dhinodhar Hills, Gujarat (dormant region)
– Dhosi Hill, Haryana (dormant region)
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4. Veteran actor Dharmendra passed away on 24 November 2025, name his first and last film?
a. ‘Ayee Milan Ki Bela’ and ‘Bandini’
b. ‘Phool Aur Patthar’ and ‘Azaad’
c. ‘Sholay’ and ‘Shabnam’
d. ‘Dil Bhi Tera Hum Bhi Tere’ and ‘Ikkis’
Answer: d. ‘Dil Bhi Tera Hum Bhi Tere’ and ‘Ikkis’
– Veteran actor Dharmendra passed away on 24 November 2025.
– He was 89 years old and breathed his last at home.
– His first film was ‘Dil Bhi Tera Hum Bhi Tere’ (1960). His last film was ‘Ikkis’ (released on 25 December 2025). He was also working in another film ‘Apne 2’.
He was struggling with age-related illnesses
– Dharmendra had been suffering due to age-related problems.
– On 10 November he had trouble breathing and was admitted to Breach Candy Hospital.
– He was kept on a ventilator.
– Media falsely reported his death, which the family denied.
– On 12 November he was discharged and advised to continue treatment at home.
About Dharmendra
– Born in Nasrali village of Punjab, he was the son of a government school headmaster.
– After watching a Dilip Kumar film in Class 10, he dreamt of becoming a hero. A talent hunt connected him to Hindi cinema.
– His stardom soon rose.
– At 19 he married Prakash Kaur. They have four children: Sunny, Bobby, Ajeita and Vijeta.
– Later he married Hema Malini, and it is said both changed religion for the marriage.
– They have two daughters: Esha and Ahana.
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5. When is Indian Constitution Day celebrated?
a. 23 November
b. 24 November
c. 25 November
d. 26 November
Answer: d. 26 November
– On 26 November 1949, the Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution of India.
– The Constitution came into force on 26 January 1950.
Constitution Day
– In 2015, the Government of India declared 26 November as Constitution Day.
– Earlier it was observed as Law Day.
– The day was chosen to spread awareness about the Constitution and Dr Ambedkar’s ideas.
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6. Who became the 53rd Chief Justice of India (CJI)?
a. Justice Vikram Nath
b. Justice M.M. Sundresh
c. Justice Dipankar Datta
d. Justice Surya Kant
Answer: d. Justice Surya Kant
– President Droupadi Murmu administered the oath to Justice Surya Kant as the 53rd CJI on 24 November 2025.
– His tenure will last about 16 months, till 9 February 2027.
– He was appointed to the Supreme Court on 24 May 2019.
– The Justice Department issued his appointment notification.
– He replaced Justice B.R. Gavai who retired on 23 November.
About Justice Surya Kant
– Born on 10 February 1962 in Petwar village, Hisar district (Haryana).
– He obtained his law degree in 1984 from MDU Rohtak and began practice the same year.
List of CJIs:
– 53rd: Justice Surya Kant
– 52nd: Justice B.R. Gavai
– 51st: Justice Sanjiv Khanna
– 50th: Justice D.Y. Chandrachud
– 49th: Justice U.U. Lalit
– 48th: Justice N. Venkata Ramana
Constitutional basis:
– Article 124(1) establishes the Supreme Court and provides for the appointment of the CJI and other judges.
Appointment:
– President appoints the CJI.
– Senior-most judge is usually chosen.
– Follows the collegium system.
Qualifications:
Same as Supreme Court judge:
– Citizen of India
– High Court judge for 5 years, or
– High Court advocate for 10 years, or
– Distinguished jurist (President’s opinion)
Tenure:
– No fixed term; retires at 65.
Duties:
– Head of Supreme Court
– Forms Constitution Benches
– Collegium participation
– Oversees judicial administration
– Advises President on appointments/transfers
– Master of the Roster
Removal:
– Only by impeachment with special majority of both Houses of Parliament.
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7. In which city will India host the Global Big Cats Summit 2026?
Options:
a. Mumbai
b. New Delhi
c. Hyderabad
d. Noida
Answer: b. New Delhi
– Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav announced the hosting of the Global Big Cats Summit 2026 at CoP30 in Belém, Brazil on 17 November.
– The host city is New Delhi.
When are forests healthier?
– Where big cats thrive, forests remain healthier, grasslands regenerate, water systems function, and carbon is stored efficiently.
About the Alliance (IBCA)
– Approved by the Cabinet on 29 February 2024.
– Announced earlier on 9 April 2023 by PM Modi (50 years of Project Tiger).
– Headquarters is in India.
– Will include 96 countries where big cats live.
Countries in IBCA
– 17 countries have joined; 30+ wish to join.
– Countries include India, Nicaragua, Eswatini, Somalia, Liberia, Armenia, Bhutan, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Nepal, Suriname, Angola, Guinea, Kazakhstan, Bangladesh, Brazil and Malaysia.
Objectives:
– Big cat conservation and preventing illegal trade.
– Awareness, R&D, resource mobilisation, capacity building, sharing best practices.
Why India established it:
– India has long experience with conservation of tiger, lion, leopard, snow leopard.
– Only country with tigers, lions, leopards, snow leopards, cheetahs in the wild.
– Except puma and jaguar, India has all big cats.
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8. Who has been appointed as the Telecom Secretary?
a. Neeraj Agarwal
b. Atish Chandra
c. Amit Agarwal
d. Neeraj Mittal
Answer: c. Amit Agarwal
– Amit Agarwal, Secretary of the Department of Pharmaceuticals, has been appointed as Telecom Secretary in place of Neeraj Mittal.
– Order issued on 20 November 2025.
– He is a 1993-batch IAS officer of Chhattisgarh cadre.
– Appointed Secretary of Pharmaceuticals in 2024.
– The Centre also carried out several secretary-level transfers.
– Neeraj Mittal appointed Secretary, Petroleum & Natural Gas.
– Mittal is a 1992-batch IAS officer (Tamil Nadu cadre).
– Currently Secretary, Telecom Department.
– He replaces Pankaj Jain, appointed Member Secretary of the 8th Central Pay Commission.
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9. Who became the new president of World Boxing?
a. Harilaos Mariolis
b. Gennady Golovkin
c. Jose Torres
d. Michael Müller
Answer: b. Gennady Golovkin
– Gennady Golovkin of Kazakhstan is a former world champion.
– World Boxing confirmed his appointment on 21 November 2025.
– He will lead the new body for the Olympic tournaments of the 2028 Los Angeles Games.
– He led negotiations to improve relations with the IOC.
– Won silver at the 2004 Olympics; long-time world champion.
– Retired in 2022.
– World Boxing was formed in 2023 amid conflict between IOC and the International Boxing Association.
World Boxing Headquarters: Lausanne (Switzerland)
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10. When is the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women observed?
a. 25 November
b. 26 November
c. 27 November
d. 28 November
Answer: a. 25 November
Theme 2025:
– UNiTE to End Digital Violence Against All Women and Girls
– To end digital violence against all women and girls
– In 2000, the United Nations declared 25 November as the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women.
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