This is the current affairs of 23 to 25 November 2024. Here are questions and answers of daily current affairs for better preparation of competitive exams for government jobs.
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1. What is carbon trading, the rules of which were approved at the United Nations COP29 conference?
a. Trading to send CO2 into space
b. Buying and selling of CO2 emission credits with the aim of reducing carbon emissions
c. Selling of CO2 to boost carbon emissions
d. None of the above
Answer: b. Buying and selling of CO2 emission credits with the aim of reducing carbon emissions
– UN rules for carbon trading between nations were approved at the COP29 climate talks held in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan.
– This decision was made in November 2024.
Carbon Trading
– Carbon trading means the trade of carbon dioxide.
– It was proposed in the Kyoto Treaty to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
– Under this, countries or companies are encouraged to invest money in developing less polluting technologies.
– If they fail to do so, they can buy carbon credits from countries or companies with lower pollution levels.
– This means companies that reduce their emissions below the target can sell their surplus credits to companies struggling to meet their targets.
– This system is referred to as carbon trading.
– In this, countries and companies are given a fixed limit on carbon emissions.
– If they exceed this limit, they must purchase carbon credits from other countries or companies that have emitted less.
– Alternatively, a country or company with higher emissions can invest in a country or company with lower emissions.
– The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) sets the carbon emission limits for countries.
– India aims to become carbon neutral by the year 2070.
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2. How much climate finance package was agreed to be given to developing countries every year till 2035 at COP29, which was rejected by India?
a. 1000 billion dollars
b. 200 billion dollars
c. 300 billion dollars
d. 500 billion dollars
Answer: c. 300 billion dollars
– The 29th United Nations Conference of Parties (COP29) was held in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, in November 2024.
– At COP29, it was agreed to provide $300 billion annually to developing countries until 2035.
– The goal is to encourage Global South (developing) countries to reduce fossil fuel usage, prepare to tackle climate change, and mitigate its impacts.
Demand Was $1.3 Trillion, Received $300 Billion
– Developing countries have been demanding $1.3 trillion annually for the past three meetings.
– In 2009, a target of $100 billion was set to assist underdeveloped nations, which has now been increased to $300 billion.
– A 19-member delegation represented India at the 2024 conference, led by Union Minister for Environment and Forests, Kirti Vardhan Singh.
India Rejected It
– India termed the amount insufficient compared to the needs of developing countries.
– Chandni Raina, representing the Indian delegation, stated, “We are deeply disappointed. This clearly shows that developed nations are unwilling to fulfill their responsibilities. It is regrettable to say that this document is nothing but an illusion. The $300 billion package cannot meet the needs of developing nations.”
Pressure on Developing Nations by Developed Nations
– Developing nations are the most affected by climate change, but they are pressured to slow down their development and reduce carbon emissions.
– They also face challenges from a unilateral carbon border adjustment mechanism introduced by developed nations.
What is the Global South?
– The term “Global South” refers to regions in the southern hemisphere that are economically and socially less developed.
– It includes Africa, Asia (excluding Israel, Japan, and South Korea), Latin America, the Caribbean, and Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand).
– “Global South” is part of a family of terms that also includes “Third World” and “Peripheral Regions.”
What is COP29?
– It is the 29th meeting of the United Nations on climate issues.
– COP stands for Conference of Parties.
– Currently, 198 parties are part of the COP convention.
– The first meeting was held in 1995 in Berlin, Germany.
– It is a conference of members under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Azerbaijan
– Capital: Baku
– President: Ilham Aliyev
– Prime Minister: Ali Asadov
– Currency: Manat
– Population: 10 million
– Neighboring Countries: Russia, Georgia, Armenia, – Türkiye, and Iran
– Sea: Caspian Sea
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3. ICA International Cooperative Conference 2024 was held for the first time in India in which city, which was inaugurated by PM Modi?
a. Kolkata
b. New Delhi
c. Chennai
d. Mumbai
Answer: b. New Delhi
– ICA Full Form: International Cooperative Alliance
– The International Cooperative Conference was held on November 25, 2024, at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.
– It was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
– For the first time in the 130-year history of ICA, the ICA Global Cooperative Conference and ICA General Assembly were organized in India.
– Bhutan’s Prime Minister Dasho Tshering Tobgay and Fiji’s Deputy Prime Minister Manoo Kamikamica attended as guests.
Theme of the Conference
– “Cooperation Builds a Better World”
Note
– International Cooperative Day is celebrated every year on 6th July.
– The theme for 2024 was “Cooperative: Building a Better Future for All.”
Co-operatives in India
– Co-operatives are people-centred enterprises owned, controlled and operated by their members to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations.
– India’s co-operative network is one of the largest in the world. There are more than 800,000 co-operative societies in various sectors such as agriculture, credit, dairy, housing and fisheries.
– The co-operative sector contributes 20% to the disbursement of agricultural credit, 35% to the distribution of fertilizers, 31% to the production of sugar, 13% to the procurement of wheat and 20% to the procurement of paddy.
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4. Which year was declared as the United Nations International Year of Cooperatives?
a. 2024
b. 2025
c. 2026
d. 2027
Answer: b. 2025
– Earlier, the year 2012 was declared as the United Nations International Year of Cooperatives.
– Now, the year 2025 has been declared as the United Nations International Year of Cooperatives.
– The United Nations General Assembly made this decision in February 2024.
– However, Prime Minister Narendra Modi officially inaugurated the United Nations International Year of Cooperatives on November 25, 2024.
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5. Who has been elected as the new President of Uruguay?
a. Yamandu Orsi
b. Carolina Cosse
c. Luis Lacalle
d. Fructuoso Rivera
Answer: a. Yamandu Orsi
– Leftist leader Yamandú Orsi won the presidential election in November 2024.
– Carolina Cosse won the vice-presidential election.
– Both will assume their respective offices on March 1, 2025.
– They defeated the incumbent president, Luis Lacalle Pou. Uruguay has been grappling with economic challenges since the COVID-19 pandemic.
Uruguay
– Continent: South America
– Capital: Montevideo
– Currency: Uruguayan Peso
– Population: 3.4 million
– Neighboring Countries: Brazil and Argentina
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6. Which International Court issued an arrest warrant against the Israeli PM in November 2024?
a. International Court of Justice (ICJ)
b. International Criminal Court (ICC)
c. European Court of Justice
d. Permanent Court of International Justice
Answer: b. International Criminal Court (ICC)
Arrest Warrants Issued by ICC
– Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu
– Former Defense Minister Yoav Gallant
– Former Hamas Commander Mohammed Deif
About the International Criminal Court (ICC)
– Headquarters: The Hague, Netherlands
– Distinct from: International Court of Justice (ICJ)
– President: Tomoko Akane
– Established: July 1, 2002
– Based on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court treaty, signed on July 17, 1998.
– Member Countries: 123
– 31 countries signed the treaty but did not ratify it, including the US, Russia, and Ukraine, making them non-members of the ICC.
– India and China: Did not sign the Rome Statute, so they are also non-members.
Jurisdiction of the ICC
– The ICC has jurisdiction only in countries that have signed and ratified the Rome Statute.
– It prosecutes:
1. Genocide
2. Crimes Against Humanity
3. War Crimes
4. Crimes of Aggression
Notable Facts
– Indian Representation: Justice Dalveer Bhandari serves as a judge in the ICC.
– Chief Prosecutor: Karim Khan
Accusations Against Netanyahu and Gallant
– Allegedly ordered Israeli forces to intentionally target Palestinian civilians.
– Blocked humanitarian aid to Gaza, creating famine-like conditions.
– Orchestrated killings of Palestinians under the guise of war and attempted to destroy Gaza.
Enforcement of ICC Arrest Warrants
– The ICC can issue arrest warrants but lacks the power to enforce them directly.
– Warrants are sent to member countries, but they are not obligated to comply.
– Sovereign nations have the freedom to decide on implementing ICC warrants.
– For instance, in March 2023, the ICC issued an arrest warrant for Russian President Vladimir Putin, but it had no effect as Russia is not a signatory.
Netanyahu’s Response
– Netanyahu dismissed the allegations as baseless and false.
– He stated that the warrant targets not just an individual leader but the entire state of Israel.
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7. When is World Children’s Day celebrated?
a. 19 November
b. 20 November
c. 21 November
d. 22 November
Answer: b. 20 November
– World Children’s Day was first established in 1954 as Universal Children’s Day.
– This day is celebrated every year on November 20 to promote international unity, raise awareness among children worldwide, and improve children’s welfare.
Note: In India, Children’s Day is celebrated on November 14.
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8. Winter session of Parliament begins
– Amid the preparation for a tumultuous Winter Session in Parliament over the Adani issue, the government has listed 16 bills for the Winter Session, including a bill related to amendments in the Waqf law and five new bills.
– Among the five new draft bills, one includes a bill related to the establishment of a Cooperative University, specifically the National Cooperative University.
– The proposed bills for holding simultaneous elections in the country are not yet part of the list, although some reports suggest that the government may introduce these bills in the upcoming session.
– The opposition is ready to target the government on multiple issues, ranging from the American charges against industrialist Gautam Adani to the ongoing unrest in Manipur.
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9. When is World Fisheries Day celebrated?
a. 20 November
b. 21 November
c. 22 November
d. 23 November
Answer: b. 21 November
– The first World Fisheries Day was celebrated on November 21, 2015.
– On the same day, the International Fishermen’s Organization was inaugurated in New Delhi.
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10. Which country’s court issued an arrest warrant against industrialist Gautam Adani and others on charges of bribery?
a. Germany
b. Japan
c. USA
d. Brazil
Answer: c. USA
What is the Case?
– It is alleged that the accused, including Gautam Adani, agreed to pay a bribe of $250 million (Rs 2110 crore) to Indian officials to secure solar energy contracts in India.
– The project was expected to generate over 2 billion dollars in profit over 20 years.
– In this case, a US court has issued arrest warrants for Gautam Adani, the chairman of the Adani Group, his nephew Sagar Adani, and their official Vineet S. Jain.
Why is the Case Being Prosecuted in the US?
– Adani Green Energy raised a total of 3 billion dollars (approximately 2532 crores) from American investors and international lenders to fund the project.
– Under US law, using American investors’ money for bribery is a prosecutable offense.
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11. When is World Heritage Week celebrated?
a. 05-10 November
b. 11-15 November
c. 15-18 November
d. 19-25 November
Answer: d. 19-25 November
– World Heritage Week is celebrated annually from November 19 to November 25.
– This week is observed to promote the conservation of culture and heritage.
– As a signatory of World Heritage Week, India undertakes various initiatives each year on World Heritage Day (April 18) and World Heritage Week (November 19-25).
– The World Heritage Convention was adopted by UNESCO’s member states in 1972.
– A total of 191 state parties, including India, have ratified the World Heritage Convention.
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12. In which year Khelo India Youth Games and Para Games will be organized in Bihar?
a. 2025
b. 2026
c. 2027
d. 2028
Answer: a. 2025
– Khelo India Youth Games and Para Games will be held in Bihar in April 2025.
– The Union Minister for Sports, Mansukh Mandaviya, announced this on November 21, 2024.
– There will be a gap of 10-15 days between the two games.
– These games are part of the Khelo India initiative by the Indian government.
– The objective is to promote a sports culture and identify sporting talent at the grassroots level.
– It is organised in two categories – school students below 17 years of age and college students below 21 years of age.
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13. When is World Television Day celebrated?
a. 20 November
b. 21 November
c. 22 November
d. 23 November
Answer: b. 21 November
– On this day, the first World Television Forum was held.
– Therefore, the United Nations General Assembly declared this day as World Television Day in December 1996.
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