This is the current affairs of 23 & 24 November 2025. Here are questions and answers of daily current affairs for better preparation of competitive exams for government jobs.
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1. In which country and city was the 20th ‘G20 Summit 2025’ held, in which PM Modi participated?
a. South Africa (Johannesburg)
b. India (Lucknow)
c. Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)
d. USA (New York)
Answer: a. South Africa (Johannesburg)
– Venue: Johannesburg, South Africa.
– Dates: November 22-23, 2025 (pre-summit events began on November 21).
– Host Country & Presidency: South Africa (from December 1, 2024, to November 2025). This marked the fourth consecutive Global South presidency (after Indonesia in 2022, India in 2023, and Brazil in 2024).
– It was the first G20 summit held on the African continent.
G20 Summits Overview
– 2023: India (New Delhi) [Theme: One Earth, One Family, One Future]
– 2024: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) [Theme: Building a Just World and a Sustainable Planet]
– 2025: South Africa
– 2026: USA
About the G20
– The G20 (Group of Twenty) was formed in 1999 in response to a financial crisis that affected East Asia and Southeast Asia.
– Its objective is to ensure global financial stability by including middle-income countries.
– It now has 21 members and was referred to as the G21 during the 2024 summit.
– It includes 19 countries and two organizations.
– As a forum for international economic cooperation, it plays a key role in addressing major global economic issues.
– It has no permanent secretariat or headquarters; the office is established in the country holding the presidency.
The G20 has 21 member countries:
– India
– Argentina
– Germany
– Indonesia
– Italy
– Japan
– Republic of Korea
– Mexico
– Russia
– Saudi Arabia
– South Africa
– Turkey
– Australia
– Brazil
– Canada
– China
– France
– United Kingdom
– USA
– European Union
– African Union
– The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank are its representatives.
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2. What is the theme of the ‘G20 Summit 2025’?
a. One Earth, One Family, One Future
b. Building a Just World and a Sustainable Planet
c. The Whole World is Ours
d. Solidarity, Equality, Sustainability
Answer: d. Solidarity, Equality, Sustainability
– Inspired by the African philosophy of ‘Ubuntu’ (I am because we are).
2025 Summit Theme: Solidarity, Equality, Sustainability
– “Solidarity”: Enhancing cooperation among diverse economies.
– “Equality”: Ensuring equal opportunities among countries and people.
– “Sustainability”: Focusing on long-term development, protecting natural resources, and responsibility toward future generations.
– This reflects the G20’s intent to address not just economic issues but also social justice, the environment, and a long-term vision for development.
– The G20 theme varies annually based on the host country’s priorities.
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3. Which country boycotted the G20 and did not participate in drafting the final declaration?
a. Japan
b. Australia
c. USA
d. Russia
Answer: c. USA
– The United States boycotted the 2025 G20 Summit in Johannesburg.
Why Did the USA Boycott the G20 2025?
– Primary Reason: Trump accused South Africa of “oppressing” white Afrikaner farmers, using this as the basis for the boycott.
– Policy Differences: South Africa’s G20 agenda on “climate, equality, and sustainability” was seen as too progressive by the US, which disagreed with some priorities. US Secretary of State Marco Rubio stated the agenda overemphasized “DEI (Diversity, Equity, Inclusion) and climate change,” labeling it “anti-Americanism.”
– Political Tensions: The boycott extends beyond economic-ethical issues, raising questions about diplomatic power and the G20’s future. Pre-existing tensions exist between the Trump administration and the South African government, with Trump accusing it of discriminatory policies.
Handover Controversy (G20 Presidency Handover)
– At the end of G20 summits, the presidency is handed over to the next country (USA). The US proposed sending only its embassy’s chargé d’affaires to the handover ceremony, but South Africa viewed this as an “insult to sovereignty.”
Reactions from South Africa and Others
– South African leadership (Ramaphosa) called the US boycott a “diplomatic mistake” that weakens G20 global partnerships.
– African and other countries see the US policy as a negative signal for multilateralism.
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4. Which heads of countries were absent from the G20 summit, and some of them sent representatives?
a. USA, China, Russia, Mexico
b. USA, Brazil, Vietnam
c. China, Russia, Germany, Sri Lanka
d. France, Germany, New Zealand, Britain
Answer: a. USA, China, Russia, Mexico (Absences: US President Donald Trump (full boycott), Chinese President Xi Jinping (represented by Premier Li Qiang), Russian President Vladimir Putin (due to ICC warrant), Presidents of Mexico and Indonesia (sent deputy representatives)
– US President Donald Trump (full boycott)
– Chinese President Xi Jinping (represented by Premier Li Qiang)
– Russian President Vladimir Putin (due to ICC (International Criminal Court) warrant)
– Presidents of Mexico and Indonesia (sent deputy representatives)
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5. Who became the next President of the G20 after South Africa?
a. Germany
b. Japan
c. USA
d. India
Answer: c. USA
– The United States (USA) received the G20 presidency after South Africa.
– The G20 presidency rotates annually, and after South Africa in 2025, the US was assigned responsibility for 2026.
– The formal handover was announced during the summit. The 2026 summit is likely to be held at Trump’s golf course in Florida.
US Presidency Despite Boycott of the 20th Summit
– Despite the US boycott of the Johannesburg Summit (November 22-23, 2025), the traditional “gavel handover” (ceremonial transfer) could not occur, but the presidency decision was predetermined.
– The G20 has no permanent secretariat, so the host country hands over to the next, but absence only affected formalities, not substance.
– The rotational system is designed to strengthen multilateralism.
– Presidency does not depend on attendance or sending representatives. After South Africa (2025), the USA naturally received the 2026 presidency as part of the rotation.
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6. At the G20 Summit, articulating India’s vision for growth, development, and well-being of all, how many ideas did PM Modi propose?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6
Answer: d. 6 (Building a G20 Global Traditional Knowledge Repository, Creating a G20 Africa Skills Multiplier, Building a G20 Global Healthcare Response Team, Establishing a G20 Open Satellite Data Partnership, Creating a G20 Critical Minerals Circularity Initiative, Building a G20 Initiative to Combat the Drug-Terror Nexus)
Prime Minister Narendra Modi participated in the summit and proposed six new initiatives:
1. Building a G20 Global Traditional Knowledge Repository: This will utilize humanity’s collective knowledge for the benefit of future generations.
2. Creating a G20 Africa Skills Multiplier: The program aims to train 1 million certified trainers to skill African youth, building local capacities and promoting long-term continental development.
3. Building a G20 Global Healthcare Response Team: It will include healthcare experts from each G20 country, deployable worldwide to address global health challenges.
4. Establishing a G20 Open Satellite Data Partnership: G20 space agencies will share satellite data with developing countries for agriculture, fisheries, disaster management, and more.
5. Creating a G20 Critical Minerals Circularity Initiative: This will promote recycling, urban mining, second-life battery projects, and innovations to strengthen supply chain security and develop clean development pathways.
6. Building a G20 Initiative to Combat the Drug-Terror Nexus: This will address drug trafficking and dismantle the drug-terror economy.
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7. During the G20 Summit 2025, which group of countries’ IBSA meeting took place?
a. India, Brazil, South Africa
b. Iran, India, Sri Lanka, Australia
c. Italy, India, South Africa
d. None of these
Answer: a. India, Brazil, South Africa (IBSA)
– The IBSA meeting took place in Johannesburg during the G20 Summit 2025.
– IBSA derives its name from India, Brazil, South Africa.
– The meeting included Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa.
– PM Modi stated: “IBSA is no ordinary group; it connects three large democratic powers and three major economies.”
– He emphasized the urgent need for UN Security Council reforms and proposed enhancing security cooperation among IBSA countries at the summit.
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8. New Initiatives with India and G20 Countries
1. India and Italy Announce Joint Initiative for Cooperation in Combating Terrorism Financing
– India and Italy announced a joint initiative on November 23, 2025.
– Prime Minister Narendra Modi held talks with his Italian counterpart Giorgia Meloni, discussing ways to strengthen bilateral relations in trade, defense, security, and more.
2. India and Canada to Deepen Cooperation in Defense and Space Sectors
– Prime Minister Modi and Canadian PM Mark Carney agreed to explore deeper cooperation in defense and space.
3. After Meeting with Australian and Canadian Counterparts, Prime Minister Narendra Modi Announces a New Trilateral Technology and Innovation Partnership Between India, Australia, and Canada
– Prime Minister Modi said, “We are delighted to announce the Australia-Canada-India Technology and Innovation (ACITI) Partnership today.”
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9. Highlights of the G20 Declaration
– The summit’s main document, the ‘Leaders’ Declaration’ (122 points), broke tradition by being adopted at the beginning to prioritize Global South concerns. Key commitments:
1. Social & Development Issues: Gender equality (ending violence, equal pay); youth empowerment; universal health coverage (UHC), pandemic treaty; strengthening food systems (Ubuntu approach); stopping illicit financial flows (Africa loses $88 billion annually); UN reforms, WTO MC14 support.
2. Emphasis on Ubuntu Spirit and Multilateral Cooperation: Indirect reference to US-imposed tariff wars and disruptive actions by President Trump.
3. Call for UN Security Council Reforms: India demanded reforms to improve representation. The G20 Declaration states: “We commit to transformative reforms of the Security Council to make it reflective of 21st-century realities and demands.”
4. Condemnation of Terrorism: From India’s perspective, all forms and manifestations of terrorism were condemned. Paragraph 6 states: “We condemn terrorism in all its forms and manifestations.”
5. Climate & Environment: Adherence to the Paris Agreement, 1.5°C warming limit, net zero by mid-century; scaling climate finance to trillions (need $5.8-5.9 trillion by 2030); welcoming COP30 outcomes (Belém, Brazil); implementing Kunming-Montreal Biodiversity Framework; halting deforestation (by 2030), ocean conservation (BBNJ agreement); reducing land degradation by 50% (by 2040).
6. Economy & Finance: Reforms to MDBs (Multilateral Development Banks) and IMF (strengthening developing countries’ voice); channeling over $100 billion in SDRs; strengthening common frameworks for debt relief, exploring debt-swaps; WTO reforms, AfCFTA (African Continental Free Trade Area) support; doubling energy efficiency, tripling renewable capacity (by 2030); Ubuntu Legacy Initiative for African infrastructure.
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10. Which country’s team won the first Blind Women’s T20 World Cup 2025?
a. Sri Lanka
b. India
c. Australia
d. Pakistan
Answer: b. India (India defeated Nepal by 7 wickets in Colombo)
– Winner and Runner-up: India (Winner); Nepal (Runner-up)
– The Indian team defeated Nepal by seven wickets to win the inaugural Blind Women’s T20 World Cup.
– The final match was played on November 23, 2025, in Colombo (Sri Lanka).
– India won the toss, elected to bowl first, and restricted Nepal to 114 runs.
– In response, India chased 117 in 12 overs to win the match.
– The Indian team captain is Deepika TC.
– The inaugural Blind Women’s T20 World Cup featured 8 teams, including India, Nepal, Australia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and the United States.
About the Blind Women’s T20 World Cup
– Blind cricket is a unique sport using a white plastic ball filled with ball bearings.
– The ball rattles when rolled, helping players locate it by sound.
– Bowlers must ask if the batter is ready and shout “play” when bowling.
– The ball must bounce at least once and is bowled underarm.
– Like regular cricket, each team has 11 players, but at least four must be fully blind. The rest can be partially visually impaired.
– Fielders clap once to indicate their position.
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