This is the current affairs of 14 & 15 October 2025. Here are questions and answers of daily current affairs for better preparation of competitive exams for government jobs.
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1. Due to the protests of Gen-Z, the President of which Indian Ocean country had to flee abroad and the army seized power?
a. Maldives
b. Seychelles
c. Madagascar
d. Mauritius
Answer: c. Madagascar
– On October 14, 2025, the army seized power in Madagascar.
– In fact, in October 2025, protests and rebellions by Gen-Z youth escalated into a full military uprising.
– When an impeachment motion was introduced in the National Assembly (Parliament), President Andry Rajoelina dissolved the National Assembly. Despite this, the impeachment motion was passed.
– In fact, the 51-year-old President had rejected growing demands to step down and went into hiding after weeks of anti-government street protests in the island nation.
– After the dissolution of Parliament, the army seized power.
– Subsequently, President Andry Rajoelina fled the country.
The military officer who helped him become President was the one who removed him
– Colonel Michael Randraianirina, head of the Capsat military unit, announced in a statement from a government building, “We have seized power.”
– He said the unit would form a committee of officers from the army, gendarmerie, and national police.
– He added, “At the same time, we will establish a civilian government in a few days.”
– Notably, Capsat played a key role in the 2009 coup that brought Rajoelina to power for the first time.
Andry Rajoelina did not want to relinquish power
– Despite nationwide protests in Madagascar, President
Andry Rajoelina was unwilling to give up power.
– As a result, he replaced the Prime Minister.
– Former military general Rupin Fortunat Zafisambo was appointed as the new Prime Minister of the country.
What was the reason for the Gen-Z protests in Madagascar?
– Failure of basic services: Irregularities and shortages in electricity and water supply affected daily life. (Even in the short term, this can impact public health, education, transportation, etc.)
– Weak planning and management: Inefficiency and lack of resources in institutions like the national water and electricity company (Jirama) exacerbated this crisis.
– Youth activism and social sensitivity: Through social media and networking platforms, youth united to raise their voices. Inspiration came from the “Gen-Z movement” in Nepal and Kenya, which became a model for youth protests.
– Political dissatisfaction, corruption, and poverty: Long-standing economic backwardness, lack of social justice, and exploitation-imbalance in power provided the backdrop for this explosive event.
Madagascar
– President: Andry Rajoelina
– Capital: Antananarivo
– Currency: Malagasy Ariary
– Population: 31.9 million
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2. Name the new President of Seychelles, who was elected in October 2025?
a. Flavien Joubert
b. Patrick Herminie
c. Nadir Hassan
d. Patricia Francourt
Answer: b. Patrick Herminie (representing the United Seychelles Party)
– Patrick Herminie won the Seychelles presidential election on October 11, 2025, defeating leader Wavel Ramkalawan.
– He received 52.7% of the votes, while Wavel Ramkalawan received 47.3%.
– Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated Herminie on his presidential victory.
– Patrick Herminie had led the country for four decades before losing power in 2020.
About Seychelles
– Seychelles is an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of East Africa.
– Capital: Victoria
– Currency: Seychelles Rupee
– Languages: French, Seychelles Creole, English
– Population: Approximately 132,779 (2025 estimate)
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3. Where was the joint military exercise ‘Austrahind’ 2025 between India and Australia held?
a. Perth
b. Melbourne
c. Mumbai
d. Kochi
Answer: a. Perth (Australia)
– This joint military exercise was held in Perth, Australia, from October 13 to 26, 2025.
– A contingent of 120 personnel from the Indian Army participated.
– It was led by a battalion of the Gorkha Rifles.
– This was the fourth edition of the ‘Austrahind’ military exercise. The third edition was held in Maharashtra.
– It is an annual event held alternately in India and Australia.
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4. When is Indian Foreign Service Day celebrated?
a. October 6
b. October 7
c. October 8
d. October 9
Answer: d. October 9
– This day has been celebrated since 2011.
– Indian Foreign Service was established on October 9, 1946, and this day is celebrated to commemorate it.
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5. Name the winner of Nobel Prize 2025 in the field of Economics?
a. Joel Mokyr
b. Philippe Aghion
c. Peter Howitt
d. All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above (Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt)
– Joel Mokyr: Netherlands
– Philippe Aghion: France
– Peter Howitt: Canada
Why was the award given?
– Half of the award was given to Joel Mokyr for “identifying the prerequisites for sustainable development through technological progress.”
– The other half was awarded to Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt for their “theory of sustained growth through creative destruction.”
Why was it given? (Winners’ contributions)
– Joel Mokyr: Netherlands-born US historical economist. He used historical sources (e.g., Industrial Revolution documents) to show how social, cultural, and institutional factors promote innovation. His work explains why Britain’s Industrial Revolution occurred in the 18th century, highlighting the role of knowledge dissemination and institutions.
– Philippe Aghion (France) and Peter Howitt (Canada): In the 1990s, they developed a theoretical model explaining how innovation forms the basis for sustainable economic growth. Their “creative destruction” model, based on Joseph Schumpeter’s ideas, shows how new technology replaces old jobs/products but increases overall productivity.
Prize distribution
– Half the prize (½) was awarded to Joel Mokyr.
– Reason: He identified the prerequisites necessary for long-term economic growth through technological progress.
– The other half (½) was jointly awarded to Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt.
– Reason: They explained the theory of sustained growth through “creative destruction.”
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6. Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt received the 2025 Nobel Prize in Economics. For which research was Joel Mokyr chosen as the winner?
a. For his contributions to risk management in financial markets
b. For identifying the prerequisites for sustainable development through technological progress
c. For his research on economic stability and inflation control
d. For the theory of creative destruction
Answer: b. For identifying the prerequisites for sustainable development through technological progress
Joel Mokyr
– Netherlands-born US historical economist.
– He used historical sources (e.g., Industrial Revolution documents) to show how social, cultural, and institutional factors promote innovation. His work explains why Britain’s Industrial Revolution occurred in the 18th century, highlighting the role of knowledge dissemination and institutions.
– Example: Apprenticeships (training programs) powered England’s Industrial Revolution.
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7. Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt received the 2025 Nobel Prize in Economics. Out of these, Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt were chosen as winners for which research?
a. For their contributions to risk management in financial markets
b. For identifying the prerequisites for sustainable development through technological progress
c. For their research on economic stability and inflation control
d. For the theory of sustained growth through creative destruction
Answer: d. For the theory of sustained growth through creative destruction
Philippe Aghion (France) and Peter Howitt (Canada)
– In the 1990s, they developed a theoretical model explaining how innovation forms the basis for sustainable economic growth.
– Their “creative destruction” model, based on Joseph Schumpeter’s ideas, shows how new technology replaces old jobs/products but increases overall productivity.
Significance in everyday life
– Productivity and jobs: For example, smartphones, online shopping, or electric vehicles replace older technologies (like landlines or petrol cars), creating new jobs. However, this “creative destruction” can also lead to unemployment, so governments need to focus on reskilling.
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8. When was World Sight Day celebrated in the year 2025?
a. October 7
b. October 8
c. October 9
d. October 10
Answer: d. October 10
2025 Theme
– Love Your Eyes
– The purpose of celebrating World Sight Day is to raise awareness about vision impairment and blindness.
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9. When is the Raising Day of Territorial Army celebrated?
a. October 10
b. October 9
c. October 8
d. October 7
Answer: b. October 9
– Its 75th Raising Day was celebrated across the country on October 9, 2024.
– This day is observed to commemorate the establishment of the Territorial Army by India’s first Governor-General, C. Rajagopalachari, on October 9, 1949.
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10. India’s first Semiconductor Innovation Museum has been launched in which city?
a. Madras
b. Hyderabad
c. Mumbai
d. Bengaluru
Answer: b. Hyderabad
– T-Chip launched the country’s first Semiconductor Innovation Museum, aimed at showcasing cutting-edge technology and research in chip manufacturing.
– It was inaugurated on October 12, 2025, in Hyderabad by former Governor Bandaru Dattatreya.
– The museum was developed with the help of students and researchers from IIT Hyderabad.
T-Chip (Technology Chip Innovation Program)
– An initiative launched to develop a robust semiconductor ecosystem in Telangana, India.
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11. Which three ports have been recognised as Green Hydrogen Hubs by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) under the National Green Hydrogen Mission?
a. Chennai Port (Tamil Nadu), Mormugao Port (Goa), Paradip Port (Odisha)
b. Mundra Port (Gujarat), Dhamra Port (Odisha), Cochin Port (Kerala)
c. Chennai Port (Tamil Nadu), V.O. Chidambaranar Port (Tamil Nadu), Paradip Port (Odisha)
d. Deendayal Port (Gujarat), V.O. Chidambaranar Port (Tamil Nadu), Paradip Port (Odisha)
Answer: d. Deendayal Port (Gujarat), V.O. Chidambaranar Port (Tamil Nadu), Paradip Port (Odisha)
1) Deendayal Port, Kandla (Gujarat)
2) V.O. Chidambaranar Port, Thoothukudi (Tamil Nadu)
3) Paradip Port, Paradip (Odisha)
Green Hydrogen Hub
– The goal is to make India a global hub for green hydrogen production and export under the National Green Hydrogen Mission.
– Green Hydrogen Hubs are being established for this purpose.
– These hubs will be used for the production, storage, transportation, and utilization of clean hydrogen in various sectors such as shipping, logistics, fertilizers, and refining.
– India is committed to building a sustainable development ecosystem to achieve its net-zero target by 2070.
About the National Green Hydrogen Mission
– Launch Date: Approved by the Union Cabinet on January 4, 2023, and formally notified on January 23, 2023.
– The mission aims to help India achieve its climate goals and emerge as a hub for green hydrogen and green ammonia.
– It focuses on promoting green hydrogen produced from renewable energy sources.
– The mission aims to make India a global hub for green hydrogen production, utilization, and export, enabling decarbonization of the economy, reducing dependence on fossil fuels, and accelerating the clean energy transition.
Note
– India is the world’s third-largest producer of solar and wind energy.
– India aims to capture 10% of the global green hydrogen market, expected to reach 100 million tonnes (MT) by the end of the decade.
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12. When is International Day of the Girl Child celebrated?
a. October 11
b. October 10
c. October 9
d. October 8
Answer: a. October 11
2025 Theme
– The girl I am, the change I lead: Girls on the frontlines of crisis
– The International Day of the Girl Child was declared by the United Nations in 2011.
– It was first celebrated on October 11, 2012.
– This day highlights the issues that prevent young girls from achieving a good life.
Note
– National Girl Child Day – January 24
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13. When is the International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction observed?
a. October 10
b. October 11
c. October 12
d. October 13
Answer: d. October 13
2025 Theme
– Fund Resilience, Not Disasters
Note
– Resilience means the ability to recover quickly from difficulties, shocks, or adverse conditions.
– The International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction was initiated by the United Nations General Assembly in 1989.
– It is observed every year on October 13 to raise awareness about disaster risk reduction.
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14. When is Breast Cancer Awareness Day observed?
a. October 10
b. October 11
c. October 12
d. October 13
Answer: d. October 13
2025 Theme
– Every Story is Unique, Every Journey Matters
– The purpose of this day is to raise awareness about breast cancer and promote early detection and treatment.
– Established in the early 2000s, this day honors those affected by the disease and emphasizes the importance of regular screening and education for better outcomes.
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15. When is Breast Cancer Awareness Month observed?
a. June
b. August
c. October
d. December
Answer: c. October
2025 Theme
– Every Story is Unique, Every Journey Matters
Explanation of the Theme
– Every breast cancer diagnosis is personal. Behind every diagnosis lies a story of courage, resilience, and hope. This theme reminds us that breast cancer affects women and their families worldwide in different ways, and every journey deserves compassion, respect, and support.
Global Challenge of Cancer
– Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide.
– In 2022, approximately 2.3 million women were diagnosed with this disease, and 670,000 others died from it.
– These are not just numbers but mothers, sisters, daughters, and friends who deserve hope and respect.
– While high-income countries have a five-year survival rate of over 90%, in India, it drops to 66%, and in South Africa, to 40%.
– These disparities are due to unequal access to early detection, timely diagnosis, and effective treatment.
– If current trends continue, a 40% increase in breast cancer cases and mortality is projected by 2050, necessitating urgent and coordinated action.
– A woman’s survival should not depend on where she lives.
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