This is the current affairs of 1 November 2025. Here are questions and answers of daily current affairs for better preparation of competitive exams for government jobs.
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1. A 10-year Defence Framework Agreement was signed between India and which country, under which that country will also share its advanced technology with India?
a. Russia
b. USA
c. China
d. Japan
Answer: b. USA (This agreement was reached at the ASEAN-India Commemorative Summit 2025)
– The agreement was signed by Indian Defense Minister Rajnath Singh and US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth.
– The agreement was signed by India and the US on October 31, 2025, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, where both countries were participating in the ASEAN Defense Ministers’ Meeting (ADMM-Plus).
– This marks the beginning of a new era of coordination, information sharing, and technical cooperation between the two countries.
Military cooperation will increase.
– The armies of both countries will conduct joint training and exercises.
– The two countries will jointly develop weapons, defense equipment, and new technology.
– The United States will share some of its advanced defense technology with India.
– The agencies of both countries will share security information with each other.
The ten-year defense partnership framework aims to:
– Enhance cooperation across all sectors, including military-naval-air, cyber, and space.
– Accelerate co-production—such as the manufacture of GE F404 and F414 engines in India, and systems like the Javelin missile and Stryker vehicle.
– Strengthen interoperability, logistics partnerships, strategic supply chains, and joint exercises.
– Promote innovation and industry collaboration in defense technology through platforms like INDUS-X (India–U.S. Defense Acceleration Ecosystem).
Key objectives: Procurement of Javelin missiles, Stryker vehicles, P-8I aircraft, F404/F414 engines, Indus-X
What is the significance of this proposed agreement?
China-Balancing Influence –
– This framework is crucial to balancing China’s growing military influence in the Indo-Pacific region.
– The US wants India to play the role of a security provider in the region.
– This is a dual strategy for India—reducing pressure from China in the border dispute and strengthening its naval presence in the Indian Ocean.
Transfer of Defense Technology
– Co-production and co-development will provide India with advanced technology and defense manufacturing capabilities.
– Examples: GE F-414 engine → for indigenous fighter aircraft, Javelin ATGM → enhanced anti-tank capability, Stryker armored vehicle → mobile warfare capability
Impact on Defense Exports
– India can leverage US partnerships to increase defense exports to markets in Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.
– US support will be provided in certifying “Make in India” defense equipment to international standards.
Interoperability and Joint Operations
– Communications, logistics, and operational protocols between the two armies will be enhanced.
– Joint training such as the Malabar naval exercise, Yudh Abhyas, and Tiger Triumph will now be conducted at a more advanced level.
Challenges and Precautions
– Defense Relations with Russia—India is still purchasing the S-400 and other weapons from Russia, which will lead to caution in technology transfers with the US.
– Technology Regulation Act (ITAR)—Strict regulations apply to US weapons technology, making it impossible to fully transfer freely.
– Competitive Pressure on the Domestic Defense Industry—The influx of foreign technology will force Indian private and public companies to upgrade rapidly.
Potential Long-Term Impact
– Geopolitics: India’s strategic position against China will strengthen
– Defense Production: India could become one of the world’s top 5 defense-producing countries
– Maritime Security: US-Indian naval patrols and surveillance in the Indian Ocean will increase
– Technology: Advances in drones, AI-based warfare systems, and hypersonic weapons development
– Diplomacy: India’s role will become more central to the Quad and Indo-Pacific strategy
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2. National Unity Day is celebrated on 31st October on the birth anniversary of which great man?
a. Bhagat Singh
b. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
c. Jawaharlal Nehru
d. Chandrashekhar Azad
Answer: b. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
– National Unity Day has been declared on October 31st every year since 2014 to mark the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the Iron Man of India.
– He was also the first Deputy Prime Minister of India.
– The year 2023 marks the 147th birth anniversary of freedom fighter Vallabhbhai Patel.
– Sardar Vallabhbhai played a major role in merging 565 princely states into India.
– This is why National Unity Day is celebrated on the occasion of Vallabhbhai Patel’s birth anniversary.
– In his memory, the Government of India has built a huge statue near the Narmada River in Gujarat.
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3. Chief Minister Mohan Yadav announced the construction of the third home for cheetahs in which sanctuary of Madhya Pradesh, where cheetahs will be brought from Namibia and released?
a. Pench National Park
b. Nauradehi Sanctuary
c. Bandhavgarh National Park
d. Panna National Park
Answer: b. Nauradehi Sanctuary
– Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Mohan Yadav announced on October 30, 2025, that the Nauradehi Sanctuary will become the third home for cheetahs in the state.
– The cheetahs will be brought and released from Namibia, Africa.
– The first home for cheetahs is Kuno National Park and the second is Gandhi Sagar Sanctuary. All three are located in Madhya Pradesh.
– The state government is continuously working to conserve various wildlife species.
Cheetahs have been brought to India from Namibia before.
– Earlier, on September 17, 2022, eight Namibian cheetahs, five females and three males, were released into enclosures in Kuno National Park in Sheopur district of Madhya Pradesh.
– Later, in February 2023, 12 more cheetahs were brought from South Africa.
– Later, in April 2025, two cheetahs were released into the Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary.
Current Status of Cheetahs in India
– India currently has a total of 27 cheetahs, spread across Kuno National Park (24) and Gandhi Sagar Sanctuary (3).
– Of these, 11 cheetahs were introduced from Namibia and South Africa, while 16 were born in India.
– This project is a significant effort to rehabilitate and successfully breed cheetahs in India.
– Cheetah relocation began in September 2022 with 8 cheetahs introduced from Namibia.
About Kuno National Park
– Kuno National Park is a national park and wildlife sanctuary located in the Gwalior Chambal region of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
– It is named after the Kuno River.
– It was established as a wildlife sanctuary in 1981.
– Its area is approximately 748 square kilometers.
Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary
– The Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary covers an area of 368.62 square kilometers in the Mandsaur (187.12 square kilometers) and Neemuch (181.5 square kilometers) districts of western Madhya Pradesh, bordering Rajasthan.
– The Gandhi Sagar Dam, built on the Chambal River in 1960, falls within the sanctuary’s area, as well as parts of its reservoir, which covers an area of 726 square kilometers.
Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary
– It is the largest wildlife sanctuary in the state of Madhya Pradesh. – It covers parts of Sagar, Damoh, Narsinghpur, and Raisen districts.
– It is about 90 km from Jabalpur and about 56 km from Sagar.
– It covers an area of approximately 1,197 square km.
Madhya Pradesh
Capital: Bhopal
Chief Minister: Mohan Yadav
Governor: Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel
Language: Hindi
Population: 7 crore
Neighboring States: Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Maharashtra.
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4. India’s total installed power capacity crossed how many gigawatts in September 2025, a historic achievement?
a. 400 GW
b. 450 GW
c. 500 GW
d. 600 GW
Answer: c. 500 GW
– By September 30, 2025, the country’s total installed power capacity has crossed 500 GW, reaching 500.89 GW.
– According to PIB, this information was received on October 29, 2025.
– This achievement is the result of years of strong policy support, investment and collective spirit in the energy sector.
India’s Energy Capacity Overview
– According to official data, India’s installed capacity now stands at 500.89 gigawatts, of which 256.09 gigawatts (over 51%) comes from non-fossil (clean energy) fuel sources.
– This includes renewable energy, large hydropower, and nuclear power.
– While 244.80 gigawatts (about 49%) comes from generation based on fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas).
Achieved a national target ahead of schedule
– India has achieved one of the Panchamrit targets set at COP26, five years ahead of schedule.
– One target is: to have 50% of installed power capacity from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030.
– This success highlights India’s leadership in the clean energy transition, achieved while maintaining a stable and reliable power grid.
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5. Which edition of Dindi Mahotsav was celebrated in the state of Goa in the year 2025?
a. 100th
b. 110th
c. 112th
d. 116th
Answer: d. 116th
– The 116th edition of the Dindi Mahotsav was held from October 30 to November 4. The main day is November 3.
– The state government had given the festival state-level status earlier this year.
About Dindi Utsav
– Dindi Utsav is celebrated on Kartiki Ekadashi.
– This day marks the end of the Chaturmas period.
– This festival began in 1909.
– At that time, Goa was under Portuguese rule.
– Devotees of Shri Vitthal Rakhumai from Maharashtra were unable to go to Pandharpur because the foreign rule had banned the pilgrimage.
– Therefore, devotees started the Dindi Utsav in Goa itself.
– The main attraction of the festival is the procession of the Lord’s palanquin.
– This procession begins from Shri Harimandir Devasthan, Margao (Goa). Every year, a grand Dindi Festival and Palanquin Yatra are organized here on Kartiki Ekadashi.
– The palanquin stops at several places and arrives at the Shri Vitthal Temple in Comba at dawn.
– The palanquin returns to Harimandir in the morning of the next day.
Note: – There is a place named Dindi in Andhra Pradesh also, but it is a village, not a festival.
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6. Who has been appointed as the Chairman of the 8th Pay Commission by the Central Government?
a. Anjali Rajput
b. Ranjana Prakash Desai
c. Priyanka Kumari
d. Anandi Parashar
Answer: b. Ranjana Prakash Desai
– On October 28, the Terms of Reference (ToR) for the formation of the 8th Central Pay Commission was approved.
– Former Supreme Court judge Justice Ranjana Prakash Desai was appointed as the chairperson of the commission.
– Its members include Professor Pulak Ghosh of IIM Bangalore and Pankaj Jain, Secretary of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
Ranjana Prakash Desai’s Achievements
– Became the fifth woman judge of the Supreme Court in 2011.
– Retired from the Supreme Court on October 29, 2014.
– Became the Chairperson of the Press Council of India in 2022.
– Became the Chairperson of the 8th Central Pay Commission on October 28, 2025.
About the Central Pay Commission (CPC)
– The Central Pay Commission is a non-constitutional, advisory body constituted by the Government of India to review and recommend reforms in the pay, allowances, and pension structure for Central Government employees, the Armed Forces, and certain autonomous bodies.
– The first Pay Commission was constituted in 1946. Its chairman was Justice Sir R. N. Majumdar.
– The last Pay Commission was the Seventh Pay Commission in 2014, headed by Justice A. K. Mathur. At that time, the Pay Matrix system was implemented. The minimum salary was fixed at ₹18,000 and the maximum at ₹2.5 lakh.
Objectives
– To ensure fair and equitable pay to Central Government employees.
– To revise pay in accordance with changing economic conditions, inflation, and productivity.
– To reduce disparity between Central and State Government employees.
– To make government service attractive and inspiring for capable personnel.
– To protect the interests of pensioners and the armed forces.
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7. The Home Ministry announced the award of the Union Home Minister Efficiency Medal to 1,466 police personnel of the country, on whose birth anniversary is it given?
a. Lal Krishna Advani
b. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
c. Indira Gandhi
d. P Chidambaram
Answer: b. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
– The Union Home Minister’s Efficiency Medals were instituted on February 1, 2024.
– These medals are announced on October 31, the birth anniversary of the country’s first Home Minister, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
– They are awarded to personnel from police forces, security agencies, intelligence agencies, special forces departments of states and union territories, Central Armed Police Forces, Central Police Organizations, and forensic science departments across the country.
– They are awarded to recognize and appreciate outstanding performance, and to boost the morale of police forces and officers.
– This includes the 20 police personnel from Jammu and Kashmir who participated in the counter-terror mission ‘Operation Mahadev’ in May-July and killed terrorist Suleman alias Asif, the mastermind of the Pahalgam attack.
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8. Which country successfully test-fired the world’s most powerful nuclear-capable torpedo ‘Poseidon’?
a. Germany
b. India
c. Russia
d. America
Answer: c. Russia
– First, let’s explain: a torpedo is a type of underwater weapon. It targets a ship or submarine and then approaches it to attack it.
– It has navigation and homing systems that detect its target using sound, radar, or sonar.
– President Vladimir Putin shared this information on October 28, 2025, while meeting with soldiers wounded in the Ukrainian war.
– This torpedo creates radioactive waves in the ocean, rendering coastal cities uninhabitable.
– This torpedo is launched from a submarine. It is automatic and can carry nuclear weapons.
– The special feature of the Poseidon is that it has its own nuclear fuel unit. This means it does not need to be refueled and can travel almost unlimited distances. This torpedo creates radioactive waves in the ocean, rendering coastal cities uninhabitable.
Poseidon
– It weighs about 100 tons.
– It has a top speed of 100 kilometers per hour.
– It can carry a 100-megaton nuclear bomb.
Made in response to the US and NATO
– This weapon was developed in response to the US and NATO, because the US has broken old agreements and expanded NATO into Eastern Europe.
– Poseidon is called a post-apocalyptic weapon.
– Russia is working on it, information about it first came out in 2016. Two years later, Putin himself confirmed it.
– This torpedo is named after the Greek god Poseidon.
– In Greek mythology, Poseidon is considered the god of the sea, earthquakes, and storms.
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9. Rob Jetton became the first openly gay PM of which country?
a. Netherlands
b. Belgium
c. Germany
d. UK
Answer: a. Netherlands
– 38-year-old Rob Jetten is the leader of the centrist liberal Democrats 66 party in the Netherlands.
– His party won around 30 seats.
– Jetten is set to marry his fiancé, Nicolas Keenan, a player for the Argentina men’s hockey team, next year.
– The couple got engaged in November 2024.
– Rob Jetten was born in 1987.
– Jetten made his political debut as an MP in 2017.
– He served as Minister of Climate and Energy from 2022 to 2024.
– He also served as Deputy PM from January 2024 to July 2024.
– He was previously called ‘Robot Jetten’ because he would stammer while speaking in front of the camera.
TikTok Video Fame – In 2021, a video of a bromance between Jetten and a fellow Dutch politician went viral on TikTok. This made Rob Jetten famous among young people. During this time, Jetten met hockey player Nicholas Keenan. Keenan plays for the Argentina national team and also plays in European leagues.
Capital: Amsterdam
Population: 17.94 million
Currency: Euro (€)
Neighboring countries: Germany and Belgiumम
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10. When is World Cities Day celebrated?
a. October 20th
b. October 24th
c. October 29th
d. October 31st
Answer: d. October 31st
– The United Nations General Assembly has declared this day.
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